OUTLINING

OUTLINE
An outline is a tool for organizing ideas.
It is used not only as pre-writing strategy
but also as a post-reading activity. when
preparing an outline, you can either use
a decimal outline or an alphanumeric
outline.
 Decimal Outline Alphanumeric Outline
1. MAJOR IDEA I. MAJOR IDEA
1.1 MINOR IDEA A. MINOR IDEA
1.2 B.
1.3 C.
2. MAJOR IDEA II. MAJOR IDEA
2.1 A
2.2 1.
2.2.1 a.
2.2.2 b.
2.3 B.
3. MAJOR IDEA C.
3.1 1.
3.2 III. MAJOR IDEA
A.
B.
C.
Kinds of Outline According to
Structure
1. Topic outline uses words and phrases as its
entries. Generally a topic outline is used if ideas being
discussed can be arranged in a number of ways.

2. Sentence outline uses complete sentences its

entries. You use sentence outline when topic being
discussed is complicated and requires details.
Responsible punctual
passes requirements on time behave
Does his homework and project
review past lessons follow the rules
come to school on time
listen attentively to classroom discussion
Respect teachers and classmates
never skip classes
Avoid making noise in class
Topic Sentence/Thesis statement: A good
student possesses good qualities.
I. Major Idea: A good student is responsible.
 He does his homework and project.
 He reviews his past lessons.
 He follows the rules.
II. Major Idea: A good student behaves well.
 He listens to class discussion.
 He respects his teachers and classmates.
 He avoids making noise in class.
III. Major Idea: A good student is punctual.
 He passes requirements on time.
 He comes to class on time.
 He never skips classes.
Conclusion: With these good qualities, a student will surely gain good grades and
successfully achieve his goals.
 There are several reasons for the failure of the
neighborhood clothing store.
Two competitors within two blocks
Relied on word of mouth
High expenses
Poor advertising
Faced a side street
Unexpected rise in wholesale prices
No display ad
Bad location
High salaries for workers
 Main Idea: Freshman English course is demanding.
Surprise quizzes Extensive reading load
A great deal of writing Frequent writing
Three major tests assignments
Many tests Written summaries of
Term paper articles assigned
Several novels Reading magazine and
newspaper articles
Several short stories
Comprehensive final exam
Major detail: High expenses
Minor details:
a. High salaries for workers
b. Unexpected rise in wholesale prices
Major detail: Bad location
Minor details
a. Faced a side street
b. Two competitors within two blocks
Major detail: Poor advertising
Minor details
a. No display ad
b. Relied on word of mouth
Major detail: 1. Many tests
Minor details: a. Three major tests
b. Surprise quizzes
c. Comprehensive final exam
 
Major detail: 2. great deal of writing
Minor details: a. Frequent writing assignments
b. Written summaries of articles assigned
c. A Term paper

Major detail: Extensive reading load

Minor details: a. Several novels
b. Reading magazine and newspaper articles
c. Several short stories
 Throughout human history, the physical universe has
often presented dangers to explorers. For example, when
primitive humans left their tribal villages to search for
food and water, they risked death or injury from
dangerous animals. Later, when people sailed the oceans
in search of new lands for settlement or trade, many died
in terrible storms. Similarly, the ocean of outer space has
many dangers, but it also has several unique challenges
for explorers.
 
 One of the challenges that is unique to space is the fact
that space is a vacuum, which is a risk for various reasons.
First, in a vacuum there is no atmosphere and therefore
no air pressure. Without air pressure, the human body
has no oxygen to sustain itself. After too many minutes
without oxygen, a person would lose consciousness and
eventually die. Also, in a vacuum a person's blood will
gradually begin to boil. Finally, without an atmosphere,
the rays of the Sun can cause radiation poisoning.
Another difficulty that is unique to outer space is the presence of
meteors and micrometeors. These are pieces of rock and metal
that are left over from the formation of the solar system. Many of
these objects travel at very high speeds. Under the Earth's
blanket of air, people are usually protected from metor impacts.
However, in space, people and spaceships are vulnerable to
collisions with meteors. It is true that the chance of meteor
impacts is relatively small, but if even a small micrometeor
happens to collide with a spacecraft, it could cause serious
damage.
 A third special challenge involved with the
environment of space involves the fact that it is very
difficult to find life-sustaining water off the Earth. For
example, the planet Mercury, which is closest to the Sun,
is too hot to have water, so space travelers must take
water from Earth if they want to visit Mercury. A similar
situation exists on the planet Venus, second from the
Sun. This planet is likewise too hot for water to exist.
Similarly, the fourth planet, Mars, is too cold and dry,
although there may be some water frozen at the north
and south poles of the planet.
 There are other difficulties involved with space
exploration, but these are three of the most important
ones. In summary, without adequate air pressure, the
unprotected human body may be seriously harmed in a
vacuum. In addition, meteors can threaten human life
and damage spacecraft. Finally, the lack of water in space
means that human life may have a difficult time
surviving on other planets. As one can see, the challenges
of space travel are rather different from terrestrial
dangers.
Main Idea: Outer space has several unique challenges for explorers.
A. Major detail: Space is a vacuum.
a. There is no atmosphere and therefore no air pressure.
1. Without air pressure, the human body has no oxygen to sustain itself. 2. Without oxygen, a person
would lose consciousness and eventually die. b. In a vacuum a person's blood will gradually begin to boil.
c. The rays of the Sun can cause radiation poisoning.
B. There is the presence of meteors and micrometeors.
a. Many of these objects travel at very high speeds.
b. In space, people and spaceships are vulnerable to collisions.
c. It could cause serious damage.
C. It is very difficult to find life-sustaining water off the Earth.
a. Space travelers must take water from Earth to visit Mercury.
b. Venus is likewise too hot for water to exist.
c. Mars, is too cold and dry.
Conclusion: In summary, without adequate air pressure, the unprotected human body may be
seriously harmed in a vacuum. In addition, meteors can threaten human life and damage spacecraft.
Finally, the lack of water in space means that human life may have a difficult time surviving on other
planets. As one can see, the challenges of space travel are rather different from terrestrial dangers.
Let’s give it a try!
 If I were living in the twenty-first century, my life would be different in a
number of ways. I am sure I would make use of many inventions and devices
which do not exist now or which people today view with suspicion. For instance, if
I went on a trip to the supermarket, I would find myself in a vehicle which floated
on air instead of in a car. When I travelled to another continent, I would ride in a
jet which went much faster than the speed of sound. Thus, I would arrive at my
destination in an hour or two instead of six or seven. Out of sheer curiosity I
might even take a trip in a spacecraft and spend my vacation on the moon. My
education would be quite different also if this were 2001. Teachers might be
replaced by teaching machines or television and schools run with computers.
Most printed materials might be put on microfilm, making books obsolete. Many
other aspects of my life would probably be changed, too. If I got sick, a computer,
instead of a doctor, might diagnose my illness. Because of the population
explosion, most houses would probably be replaced by high-rise apartments and
many natural foods by synthetic ones. Yes, if this were the beginning of the next
century, I would undoubtedly find a world which is hard to imagine today.
Topic Sentence: _______________________________________________________.

I. ______________________________________________
a. ________________________________
b. ________________________________
c. ________________________________
II. ______________________________________________
a. ________________________________
b. ________________________________
c. ________________________________
III. ______________________________________________
a. ________________________________
b. ________________________________
c. ________________________________

Conclusion: _______________________________________________________.
Topic Sentence: My life would be different in a number of ways if I were in the twenty-first century.
I. Many inventions and devices
a. a vehicle which floated on air
b. a jet which went much faster than the speed of sound
c. take a trip in a spacecraft and spend my vacation on the moon
II. Different form of education
a. Teaching machines or television
b. schools run with computers
c. Printed materials put on microfilm
III. Other aspects of my life would change
a. a computer diagnoses illness.
b. most houses would probably be replaced by high-rise apartments
c. synthetic foods
Conclusion: If this were the beginning of the next century, I would undoubtedly find a world which is
hard to imagine today.
Rearrange the following sentences in outline form according to
their logical order. The topic sentence and the concluding
statement are included among details.
1. Many seek psychoanalysis.
2. Some turn to liquor.
3. Other wives, formerly friends, may distrust women after divorce.
4. Couples who divorce pay for freedom in several distinct ways.
5. Yet despite shock of divorce, more readjust.
6. Raising children multiplies problems.
7. Acquaintances of the couples are often loyal to the ex-wife and reject the husband.
8. There is less money for support of family..
9. The suicide rate of divorcees is three times that of married women.
10. Facing psychological repercussions is for many the most difficult result of divorce.
11. Children miss male figure in household.
12. Losing some former friends is inevitable.
13. Boys, especially, need father’s help.
T.S. Couples who divorce pay for freedom in several distinct ways.
Major Detail: Raising children multiplies problems.
a. Boy, especially, need father’s help.
b. Children miss male figure.
c. There is less money for support of family.
Major detail: Losing some friends is inevitable.
a. Acquaintances of the couples are often loyal to the ex-wife.
b. Other wives may distrust women.
Major detail: Facing psychological repercussions is for many the most difficult result of divorce.
a. Some turn to liquor.
b. Many seek psychoanalysis.
c. The suicide rate of divorcees is three times that of married women.
C.S. Yet despite shock of divorce, more readjust.
T.S. Couples who
divorce pay for
freedom in several
distinct ways.
Major Detail: Raising children
multiplies problems.
a. Boy, especially, need father’s help.
b. Children miss male figure.
c. There is less money for support of
family.
Major detail: Losing some friends
is inevitable.
a. Acquaintances of the couples
are often loyal to the ex-wife.
b. Other wives may distrust
women.
Major detail: Facing psychological
repercussions is for many the
most difficult result of divorce.
a. Some turn to liquor.
b. Many seek psychoanalysis.
c. The suicide rate of divorcees is
C.S. Yet despite
shock of divorce,
more readjust.
 The students will be divided into groups with three members for every
group. They may choose one from the two options:
1. Choose one public figure who has significant contribution on their chosen
specialization (ICT, HE, Carpentry, Electrical Installation). Prepare to make a
tribute in the form of promotional campaign or advertisement highlighting his
legacy.
2. Choose one significant discovery or recent invention that has brought
enormous contribution to the development of your specific specialization.
Prepare to make an infomercial or advertisement highlighting the features and
advantages of the material.
 
*Use reliable sources in preparing for the tribute or infomercial. Make sure that
you read these sources carefully and that you summarize and paraphrase
effective the information you borrowed from the sources.
 The students will prepare an infographic about a current
significant event in the Philippines (e.g.; visit of Pope
Francis, 2016 National Elections). They will use at least three
reliable sources when preparing the infographic and
incorporate them to their printed output.

The students will send the online version of their

infographics to the assigned custodian for posting after
checkinh using a popular social networking site (Facebook,
Tumblr, and Instagram).