NLP Presentation
NLP Presentation
Processing
Group Members
Muhammad Nofil
Bhatty
Hafiz Muhammad
Ahmad
Shahrukh Quddus
1
Natural Language Processing
Natural Language Processing (NLP) is
“ability of machines to understand and
interpret human language the way it is written
or spoken”
Types of Ambiguity:-
Lexical Ambiguity:-
• The ambiguity of a single word is called lexical
ambiguity. For example, treating the word silver as a
noun, an adjective, or a verb.
Syntactic Ambiguity:-
• This kind of ambiguity occurs when the meaning of the
words themselves can be misinterpreted.
Ambiguity and Uncertainty in Language
Anaphoric Ambiguity:-
• This kind of ambiguity arises due to the use of anaphora
entities in discourse. For example, the horse ran up the
hill. It was very steep. It soon got tired. Here, the
anaphoric reference of “it” in two situations cause
ambiguity.
Pragmatic Ambiguity:-
• Such kind of ambiguity refers to the situation where the
context of a phrase gives it multiple interpretations. For
example, the sentence “I like you too” can have
multiple interpretations like I like you (just like you like
me), I like you (just like someone else does).
NLP Phases
NLP Phases
Morphological Processing:-
• It is the first phase of NLP. The purpose of this phase is
to break chunks of language input into sets of tokens
corresponding to paragraphs, sentences and words. For
example, a word like “uneasy” can be broken into two
sub-word tokens as “un-easy”.
Syntax Analysis:-
• It is the second phase of NLP. The purpose of this phase
is two folds: to check that a sentence is well formed or
not and to break it up into a structure that shows the
syntactic relationships between the different words. For
example, the sentence like “The school goes to the
boy” would be rejected by syntax analyzer or parser.
NLP Phases
Semantic Analysis:-
• It is the third phase of NLP. The purpose of this phase is
to draw exact meaning, or you can say dictionary
meaning from the text. The text is checked for
meaningfulness. For example, semantic analyzer would
reject a sentence like “Hot ice-cream”.
Pragmatic Analysis:-
• It is the fourth phase of NLP. Pragmatic analysis simply
fits the actual objects/events, which exist in a given
context with object references obtained during the last
phase (semantic analysis). For example, the sentence
“Put the banana in the basket on the shelf” can have
two semantic interpretations and pragmatic analyzer
will choose between these two possibilities.
NLP is Hard
Understanding natural languages is hard …
because of inherent ambiguity
Engineering NLP systems is also hard …
because of:-
Huge amount of data resources needed (e.g. grammar,
dictionary, documents to extract statistics from)
Computational complexity (intractable) of
analyzing a sentence
Ambiguity
“Get the cat with the gloves.”