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Table of Contents
Section 1 Work
Section 2 Energy
Section 4 Power
Objectives
• Recognize the difference between the scientific and
ordinary definitions of work.
Definition of Work
• Work is done on an object when a force causes a
displacement of the object.
Definition of Work
Objectives
Kinetic Energy
• Kinetic Energy
The energy of an object that is due to the object’s
motion is called kinetic energy.
Kinetic Energy
Sample Problem
Work-Kinetic Energy Theorem
On a frozen pond, a person kicks a 10.0 kg sled,
giving it an initial speed of 2.2 m/s. How far does the
sled move if the coefficient of kinetic friction between
the sled and the ice is 0.10?
(–2.2 m/s)2
d
2(0.10)(9.81 m/s2 )(cos180)
d 2.5 m
Potential Energy
• Potential Energy is the energy associated with an
object because of the position, shape, or condition of
the object.
• Gravitational potential energy is the potential
energy stored in the gravitational fields of interacting
bodies.
• Gravitational potential energy depends on height
from a zero level.
PEg = mgh
gravitational PE = mass free-fall acceleration height
Potential Energy
Spring Constant
Sample Problem
Potential Energy
A 70.0 kg stuntman is attached to a bungee cord with
an unstretched length of 15.0 m. He jumps off a
bridge spanning a river from a height of 50.0 m.
When he finally stops, the cord has a stretched
length of 44.0 m. Treat the stuntman as a point mass,
and disregard the weight of the bungee cord.
Assuming the spring constant of the bungee cord is
71.8 N/m, what is the total potential energy relative to
the water when the man stops falling?
Objectives
• Identify situations in which conservation of
mechanical energy is valid.
Conserved Quantities
• When we say that something is conserved, we mean
that it remains constant.
Mechanical Energy
• Mechanical energy is the sum of kinetic energy and
all forms of potential energy associated with an object
or group of objects.
ME = KE + ∑PE
Sample Problem
Conservation of Mechanical Energy
Starting from rest, a child zooms down a frictionless
slide from an initial height of 3.00 m. What is her
speed at the bottom of the slide? Assume she has a
mass of 25.0 kg.
• As a sanding block
slides on a piece of
wood, energy (in the
form of heat) is
dissipated into the
block and surface.
Objectives
• Relate the concepts of energy, time, and power.
Power
Multiple Choice
1. In which of the following situations is work not being
done?
A. A chair is lifted vertically with respect to the floor.
B. A bookcase is slid across carpeting.
C. A table is dropped onto the ground.
D. A stack of books is carried at waist level across a
room.
Short Response
11. A student with a mass of 66.0 kg climbs a staircase
in 44.0 s. If the distance between the base and the
top of the staircase is 14.0 m, how much power will
the student deliver by climbing the stairs?
Answer: 206 W
Answer: v 2gh
Extended Response
Base your answers to questions 14–16 on the
information below.
A projectile with a mass of 5.0 kg is shot horizontally
from a height of 25.0 m above a flat desert surface.
The projectile’s initial speed is 17 m/s. Calculate the
following for the instant before the projectile hits the
surface:
Answer: 1200 J
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Answer: 1900 J
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Answer: 290 m
Mechanical Energy