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Standard Deviationl

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34 views19 pages

Standard Deviationl

Uploaded by

Aryan Mehta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Standard Deviation

&
The Bell Curve

STUDENTS WILL DEMONSTRATE


UNDERSTANDING OF THE
CALCULATION OF STANDARD
DEVIATION AND CONSTRUCTION OF
A BELL CURVE
Standard Deviation

1st find the variance for a set of data


Variance is the average squared deviation
from the mean of a set of data
Computing the Variance

Grades from recent quiz in AP Biology:


96, 96, 93, 90, 88, 86, 86, 84, 80, 70

1st Step:
find the mean:
96 + 96 + 92 + 90 + 88 + 86 + 86 + 84 + 80 + 70 ÷ 10

868 ÷ 10 = 86.8  87
Computing the Variance
2nd Step:
determine the deviation from the mean for
each grade then square it:
 (96 – 87)² = (9)² = 81
 (96 -87)² = (9)² = 81
 (92 – 87)² = (5)² = 25
 (90 – 87)² = (3)² = 9
 (88 – 87)² = (1)² = 1
 (86 – 87)² = (-1)² = 1
 (86 – 87)² = (-1)² = 1
 (84 – 87)² = (-3)² = 9
 (80 – 87)² = (-7)² = 49
 (70 – 87)² = (-17)² = 289
Computing the Variance

now add these 10 #’s and ÷ 10


 81 + 81 + 25 + 9 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 9 + 49+ 289 ÷ 10

 546 ÷ 10 = 54.6 = variance


Formula for Variance
Standard Deviation

shows the variation in data


if data pts are close together the standard
deviation will be small
if data pts are spread out the standard
deviation will be larger

σ or S = symbol used for standard


deviation
The Bell Curve

represents a normal distribution of data & is


used to show what standard deviation
represents
The Bell Curve

1 standard deviation from the mean (μ is


symbol for 1 standard deviation) in either
direction on horizontal axis represents 68%
of the data
The Bell Curve

2 μ = 2 standard deviations from the mean


and will include ~95% of your data

3μ = 3 standard deviations form the mean


and will include ~99% of your data
Standard Deviation Calculation

Standard Deviation is the square root of the


variance
Back to the Example Quiz Grades

Mean = 87
Variance = 55

σ = √55 = 7.42 = 7.4

Mean = 87 so (87 -7.4) & (87 + 7.4) is the


range of 1 standard deviation
Example Continued

My range for 1 standard deviation is :


 79.6 to 94.4  80 to 94

in my class scores 93, 90, 88, 86, 86, 84, 80


are w/in 1 standard deviation of the mean

check: 1 standard deviation is where 68% of


data should fall: my class scores: 70%
If data are a sample of larger group:

Use the formula:


for my class data:

S = √variance ÷ n – 1
S = √55 ÷ 9 = √6.1 =2.5 which means the
measurements vary by +/- 2.5 from the mean
so for my class data:
Mean: 87
S = 2.5

1 µ would be (87 – 2.5) thru (87 + 2.5) or 84.5 to 89.5


2 µ would be (87 – 5) thru (87 + 5)
3 µ would be (87 – 7.5) thru (87 – 7.5)
How Can I Use S?

Suppose instead of grades my data described the


average height of a certain plant (in cm). We can use
S to predict the probability of finding a plant at a
particular height:
What is the probability of finding a plant that is 100
cm tall?
100 cm falls in the 3rd standard deviation range
from a bell curve we know that represents ~2% of a
population so… There is a 2% chance a plant will
grow to 100cm.
Make Friends with the Bell Curve

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