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TUNNELLING

The document discusses various aspects of tunnel construction including the planning process, different tunnel types, shapes, and construction methods. Key points covered include that tunnel planning depends on factors like rock type, water flow, and length/diameter. Common tunnel shapes include circular, elliptical, egg-shaped, and horseshoe. Modern tunnels are often constructed using tunnel boring machines, which can excavate continuously but are more expensive. Ventilation, lighting, and drainage systems must also be considered during tunnel construction.

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Nazimali Chinwala
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69 views20 pages

TUNNELLING

The document discusses various aspects of tunnel construction including the planning process, different tunnel types, shapes, and construction methods. Key points covered include that tunnel planning depends on factors like rock type, water flow, and length/diameter. Common tunnel shapes include circular, elliptical, egg-shaped, and horseshoe. Modern tunnels are often constructed using tunnel boring machines, which can excavate continuously but are more expensive. Ventilation, lighting, and drainage systems must also be considered during tunnel construction.

Uploaded by

Nazimali Chinwala
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TUNNELLING

EKTA S PATEL
170305215001
NECESSITY
• Direct transportation of passengers and good through the obstacles
like a mountain , a body of water
• Connect between military post so the movement between will not be
visible.
• To carry electric power, gas, sewage.
• To avoid impact on environmentally sensitive area.
• To avoid impact on cultural heritage.
• To avoid steep grade and long routes.
PLANNING OF TUNNEL
• Planning of tunnel is depends on
Rock type
Weak beds and zone including shear zone and faults
Groundwater and flow pattern
Special hazards
Length, diameter and depth of a tunnel
Uses and the shape of a tunnel
TYPES ACCORDING TO PURPOSE
PURPOSE TUNNEL

1 Traffic Railway tunnel


Highway tunnel
Pedestrial tunnel

2 Conveyance Water supply tunnel


Sewer tunnel
Public utility tunnel
Hydraulic power supply tunnel

3 Alignment Spiral tunnel


Saddle and base tunnel
Pedestrial tunnel Water supply tunnel
Hydraulic power supply tunnel Spiral tunnel
SHAPE OF TUNNEL
• CIRCULAR
• This type of cross section offers
greater resistance to external
pressure.
• If ground is highly unstable, it is
necessary to use this shape.
• For carrying water and sewage
circular shape is used.
• It is not used as traffic tunnel.
• ELIPTICAL
• They are difficult to construct.
• Can not be used as traffic tunnel
because of their narrow base.
• EGG SHAPED
• these shape have narrow cross
section at base.
• They are best suitable for
sewage because of self cleaning
velocity.
• These tunnels are also difficult
to construct.
• HORSE SHOE
• These consist
semicircular roof with
arched sides.
• They are most popular
as traffic tunnel for
road and railway routs.
TUNNEL BORING MACHINE
• Weight – 800 tones
• Length – 430 fts
• This machine can excavate the tunnel with a circular cross section of
diameter 1 to 19.25 mt.
• Front part is having rotating disk with cutting teeth.
• Hydraulic feet pushed the machine foreward.
• This is safer than drilling and blasting method.
(https://www.bing.com/videos/search?
q=tunnel+boring+machine&&view=detail&mid=B5A071A328D9C12E03E9B5A
071A328D9C12E03E9&&FORM=VRDGAR#)
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

• High advance rate • High cost


• Continuous operation • Difficult to transport
• Less rock damage • It can not move in backward
• Less support require direction.
• Greater worker safety
TUNNELING IN SOFT GROUND

• FULL FACE METHOD


• This method is used for small
tunnel with the diameter not
greater than 3 mt.
• Vertical column fixed at a
suitable distance.
• In this, excavate the either
diameter at the same time.
• HEADING AND BENCHING METHOD
• When tunnel is large and quality of
rock is not satisfactory , heading and
benching is often used.
• Worker dig a small tunnel called
heading.
• Once the top heading advanced
some distance into the rock, worker
being excavating immediately below
the floor of heading , this is bench.
Tunneling in hard rock
• Tunneling in hard rock involves blasting technique.
• Scaffolds are used, called jumbo and several hole make at a particular
depth depends on the type of rock.
• Pack explosive in the hole.
• After explosion , debries carried out using carts.
SHAFT IN
TUNNEL

• it is a underground vertical
or inclined passageway.
• Purpose
– ventilation of tunnel

– transport
men and material to and
from
VENTILATION OF TUNNEL

• NECESSITY

• Dust and gas caused by


drilling and blasting.
• Exhaust gas and smoke
discharge by diesel.
• Due to High temperature
and high humidity.
• To provide fresh air.
LIGHTING IN TUNNEL

• The spacing of light is depends on


-tunnel dimension
-size of light
source
-nature of rock surface
-It is done by gas lighting or
electric lighting.
DRAINADE IN TUNNEL
• SUMP AND PUMP
• This is simplest method
• Sumps are connected by pipe line and water is pumped from one
sump to another sump.
• CORRUGATED SHEET ROOF WITH SIDE DRAIN
• This method is suitable when seepage is small and come through the
tunnel from the top.
• Seepage water is allow to flow on corrugate sheet and then side
drain.
• SINGLE SIDE DRAIN SYSTEM
• This system is used where, amount of water entering in tunnel is
small.
• For drainage single side drain is provided.

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