KINETICS

1. A culture of 143mg bacteria can consume

26mg/L of substrate at a maximum rate of
7g/hr per g of bacteria. Determine the initial
rate of consumption if KM is equal to 6.9mg/L

A. 45 g/day
B. 38 g/day
C. 19 g/day
D. 2 g/day
 KINETICS
Given:
143mg bacteria
[S] = 26mg/L of substrate
Vmax = 7g/hr per g of bacteria
KM = 6.9mg/L

𝑔 𝑚𝑔 24 h𝑟
 
𝑉 𝑜=
𝑉 𝑚𝑎𝑥
[𝑆]
=
( 7
h𝑟 − 𝑔 𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎 ) ( 0.143 𝑔 𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎 )( 26
𝐿 )( 𝑑𝑎𝑦 )
=18.9855
𝑔
𝐾𝑀 +[𝑆] 𝑚𝑔 𝑚𝑔 𝑑𝑎𝑦
( 𝐿) ( 𝐿)
6.9 + 26
 KINETICS

2. The data in the table below were obtained for an enzyme in 10mL reaction
mixtures. Use Lineweaver-Burke Plot to analyze the data given.

Initial rates at various substrate concentrations for a hypothetical enzyme-

catalyzed reaction

[S] (moles/liter) V (μmole/min)

5.0 x 10-2 0.350
5.0 x 10-3 0.350
5.0 x 10-4 0.307
5.0 x 10-5 0.192
5.0 x 10-6 0.085
5.0 x 10-7 0.009
 KINETICS
3. What is the value of Vmax?

A. 1.063 μmole/min
B. 0.801 μmole/min
C. 0.354 μmole/min
D. 0.267 μmole/min
 KINETICS
[S] (moles/liter) V (μmole/min)
5.0 x 10-2 0.350   1 𝐾𝑀 1
5.0 x 10-3 0.350 = +
𝑉 𝑜 𝑉 𝑚𝑎𝑥 [ 𝑆 ] 𝑉 𝑚𝑎𝑥
5.0 x 10-4 0.307
5.0 x 10-5 0.192
5.0 x 10-6 0.085
5.0 x 10-7 0.009

[S] (moles/liter) [S] (μmoles/liter) V (μmole/min) 1/[S] (L/μmole) 1/V (min/μmole)

5.0 x 10-2 50000 0.350 0.00002 2.857142857
5.0 x 10-3 5000 0.350 0.0002 2.857142857
5.0 x 10-4 500 0.307 0.002 3.25732899
5.0 x 10-5 50 0.192 0.02 5.208333333
5.0 x 10-6 5 0.085 0.2 11.76470588
5.0 x 10-7 0.5 0.009 2 111.1111111
 KINETICS
1/[S] (L/μmole) 1/V (min/μmole)
0.00002 2.857142857   1 𝐾𝑀 1
= +
0.0002 2.857142857
𝑉 𝑜 𝑉 𝑚𝑎𝑥 [ 𝑆 ] 𝑉 𝑚𝑎𝑥
0.002 3.25732899
0.02 5.208333333
0.2 11.76470588
2 111.1111111

Plotting 1/Vo vs 1/[S]

120

f(x) = 54.06 x + 2.82

100 R² = 1

  1 1 𝜇 𝑚𝑜𝑙
80
𝑉 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = =0.3545
60
𝑏 2.821 𝑚𝑖𝑛
m = 54.058
40
b = 2.821
20

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
 KINETICS

4. What is the value of Vmax?

A. 1.063 μmole/min
B. 0.801 μmole/min
C. 0.354 μmole/min
D. 0.267 μmole/min
 KINETICS

5. What is the value of KM?

A. 0.0059 μmole/L
B. 0.5501 μmole/L
C. 5.9506 μmole/L
D. 19.1625 μmole/L
 KINETICS
Plotting 1/Vo vs 1/[S]
120

f(x) = 54.06 x + 2.82

100 R² = 1

  1 1 𝜇 𝑚𝑜𝑙
80
𝑉 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = =0.3545
60
𝑏 2.821 𝑚𝑖𝑛
m = 54.058
40
b = 2.821
20

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5

  𝜇 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐾 𝑀 = ( 𝑚 ) ( 𝑉 𝑚𝑎𝑥 ) =( 54.058 ) ( 0.3545 )=19.1625
𝐿
 KINETICS

6. What is the value of KM?

A. 0.0059 μmole/L
B. 0.5501 μmole/L
C. 5.9506 μmole/L
D. 19.1625 μmole/L
 KINETICS

7. Suppose that the enzyme concentration in

each reaction mixture were increased by a
factor of 3, what would be the value of Vmax?

A. 1.063 μmole/min
B. 0.801 μmole/min
C. 0.354 μmole/min
D. 0.267 μmole/min
 KINETICS

8. Suppose that the enzyme concentration in

each reaction mixture were increased by a
factor of 3, what would be the value of Vmax?

A. 1.063 μmole/min
B. 0.801 μmole/min
C. 0.354 μmole/min
D. 0.267 μmole/min
 MICROBIAL GROWTH

9. It takes 45 mins for a certain of species of

microorganism to triple its biomass. If a
culture of the same species was subjected to
6hr fermentation, what would be the final
mass of the cells produced if it started with
250mg?

A. 2.71kg
B. 1.64kg
C. 1.08kg
D. 0.81kg
 MICROBIAL GROWTH
Given:
t = 45 mins (triple biomass)
t = 6hr fermentation
m = 250mg

𝑘𝑡
  𝐴 = 𝐴𝑜 𝑒
𝑘 ( 45 𝑚𝑖𝑛 )
  3 𝐴𝑜=𝐴𝑜 𝑒

  𝑘 =0.0244 / 𝑚𝑖𝑛

0.0244 60 𝑚𝑖𝑛
  (
𝑚𝑖𝑛 (
) ( 6 h𝑟 )
h𝑟 )
𝐴 =( 250 𝑚𝑔 ) 𝑒 =1640250 𝑚𝑔 =1.64025 𝑘𝑔
 MICROBIAL GROWTH

10. It takes 45 mins for a certain of species of

microorganism to triple its biomass. If a
culture of the same species was subjected to
6hr fermentation, what would be the final
mass of the cells produced if it started with
250mg?

A. 2.71kg
B. 1.64kg
C. 1.08kg
D. 0.81kg
 FERMENTATION
11. A 0.5m3 CSTR is used in a steady-state fermentation
process. Glucose is used as a substrate and is fed to the
tank at 500kg/day.

What is the rate of glucose consumption if the feed

enters at 20L/hr and the exit stream contains 0.4kg/L
glucose?

A. 960kg/day-m3
B. 830kg/day-m3
C. 770kg/day-m3
D. 620kg/day-m3
 FERMENTATION
Given:
VCSTR = 0.5m3 (steady-state process)
m = 500kg/day
v = 20L/hr
cexit = 0.4kg/L glucose

𝐿 24 h𝑟
 
𝑣
20 (
h𝑟 𝑑𝑎𝑦 ) 𝑘𝑔 h𝑟 𝑑𝑎𝑦 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
−𝑟 𝑠= ( 𝐶 𝑠𝑜 − 𝐶 𝑠 )=
𝑉 0.5 𝑚
3 [( 500
𝑑𝑎𝑦 )( 20 𝐿 )( 24 h𝑟)− 0.4
𝐿 ]= 616
𝑑𝑎𝑦 −𝑚
3
 FERMENTATION
11. A 0.5m3 CSTR is used in a steady-state fermentation
process. Glucose is used as a substrate and is fed to the
tank at 500kg/day.

34. What is the rate of glucose consumption if the feed

enters at 20L/hr and the exit stream contains
0.4kg/L glucose?

A. 960kg/day-m3
B. 830kg/day-m3
C. 770kg/day-m3
D. 620kg/day-m3
 FERMENTATION
12. A 0.5m3 CSTR is used in a steady-state fermentation
process. Glucose is used as a substrate and is fed to the
tank at 500kg/day.

35. What is the specific growth rate of the cell?

A. 0.96/day
B. 0.83/day
C. 0.77/day
D. 0.62/day
 FERMENTATION
Given:
VCSTR = 0.5m3 (steady-state process)
m = 500kg/day
v = 20L/hr
cexit = 0.4kg/L glucose

  𝐿 24 h𝑟
𝜇= 𝐷=
𝑣
=
20
h𝑟 ( 𝑑𝑎𝑦 ) =
0.96
𝑉 1000 𝐿 𝑑𝑎𝑦
( 0.5 𝑚 ) 3
( 1𝑚
3 )
 FERMENTATION
12. A 0.5m3 CSTR is used in a steady-state fermentation
process. Glucose is used as a substrate and is fed to the
tank at 500kg/day.

What is the specific growth rate of the cell?

A. 0.96/day
B. 0.83/day
C. 0.77/day
D. 0.62/day
 FERMENTATION
Problem 36-38
A 0.5m3 CSTR is used in a steady-state fermentation
process. Glucose is used as a substrate and is fed to the
tank at 1042 mg/L. The steady-state substrate
concentration at the exit point is 40 mg/L.

38. If the yield coefficient of the process is 0.77, what is the

steady-state concentration of the biomass in the
fermenter?

A. 804mg/L
B. 772mg/L
C. 688mg/L
D. 649mg/L
 FERMENTATION
Given:
VCSTR = 0.5m3 (steady-state process)
Cso = 1042 mg/L
Cs = 40 mg/L.
μmax = 1.92/day
KM = 26mg/L

  𝐶 𝑐 − 𝐶 𝑐𝑜 =𝑌 ( 𝐶 𝑠𝑜 − 𝐶 𝑠 )

  𝑚𝑔 𝑚𝑔 𝑚𝑔
𝐶 𝑐 − 0=0.77 1042 ( 𝐿
− 40
𝐿 )
=771.54
𝐿
 FERMENTATION
Problem 36-38
A 0.5m3 CSTR is used in a steady-state fermentation
process. Glucose is used as a substrate and is fed to the
tank at 1042 mg/L. The steady-state substrate
concentration at the exit point is 40 mg/L.

38. If the yield coefficient of the process is 0.77, what is the

steady-state concentration of the biomass in the
fermenter?

A. 804mg/L
B. 772mg/L
C. 688mg/L
D. 649mg/L
 FERMENTATION
39. A 700g of solution contains 50% by weight glucose
and 50% by weight sucrose. Determine the
theoretical mass of ethanol that can be obtained
from the fermentation of the solution.

A. 660g
B. 585g
C. 455g
D. 370g
 FERMENTATION
Given:
m = 700g (50% w/w glucose and 50% w/w sucrose)

  𝐶 6 𝐻 12 𝑂 6 → 2 𝐶 2 𝐻 5 𝑂𝐻 + 2 𝐶𝑂 2
 𝐶 12 𝐻 22 𝑂 11 + 𝐻 2 𝑂 → 4 𝐶 2 𝐻 5 𝑂𝐻 +4 𝐶𝑂 2

 
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐶6 𝐻12𝑂6 2𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐶2 𝐻5 𝑂𝐻 46𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐶12 𝐻22𝑂11 4𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐶2 𝐻5 𝑂𝐻 46𝑔
2 5 ( )( )( ) ( )( )( )
𝑚𝐶 𝐻 𝑂𝐻 =350𝑔𝐶6 𝐻 12𝑂6
180𝑔 1𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐶6 𝐻12𝑂6 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐶2 𝐻 5𝑂𝐻
+350𝑔𝐶12 𝐻22𝑂11
342𝑔 1𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐶12 𝐻22𝑂11 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐶2 𝐻5 𝑂𝐻

  𝑚𝐶 2 𝐻 5 𝑂𝐻 =367.1930 𝑔
 FERMENTATION
39. A 700g of solution contains 50% by weight glucose
and 50% by weight sucrose. Determine the
theoretical mass of ethanol that can be obtained
from the fermentation of the solution.

A. 660g
B. 585g
C. 455g
D. 370g
 FERMENTATION
40. Determine the percent weight composition of ethyl
alcohol in the exit stream if a solution containing
10% w/w maltose undergoes fermentation. Assume
that the conversion efficiency is 96.5% and the gas
produced is removed from the system.

A. 8.3%
B. 5.5%
C. 3.9%
D. 0.8%
 FERMENTATION
Given:
10% w/w maltose
conversion efficiency = 96.5%
The gas produced is removed from the system.

𝐶 12 𝐻 22 𝑂 11 + 𝐻 2 𝑂 → 4 𝐶 2 𝐻 5 𝑂𝐻 +4 𝐶𝑂 2
 

  𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶12 𝐻 22 𝑂11 4𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐶 2 𝐻 5 𝑂𝐻 46 𝑔

2 5 (
𝑚𝐶 𝐻 𝑂𝐻 =10𝑔𝐶 12 𝐻 22 𝑂11 𝑂11
342𝑔 )( )(
1𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐶12 𝐻 22 𝑂11 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐶 2 𝐻 5 𝑂𝐻 )
( 0.965 )=5.1918 𝑔

  𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐶12 𝐻 22 𝑂11 4𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐶𝑂 2 44 𝑔

𝑚𝐶𝑂 =10𝑔𝐶 12 𝐻 22 𝑂11 𝑂11
2 ( 342𝑔 )(
1𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐶12 𝐻 22 𝑂11 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐶𝑂 2 )( )
( 0.965 )=4.9661 𝑔

  5.1918 𝑔  𝐶 2 𝐻 5 𝑂𝐻
% 𝐶 2 𝐻 5 𝑂𝐻 = 𝑥 100=5.4631 %
100 𝑔 − 4.9661 𝑔 𝐶𝑂2
 FERMENTATION
40. Determine the percent weight composition of ethyl
alcohol in the exit stream if a solution containing
10% w/w maltose undergoes fermentation. Assume
that the conversion efficiency is 96.5% and the gas
produced is removed from the system.

A. 8.3%
B. 5.5%
C. 3.9%
D. 0.8%