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Research (Module 1 and 2)

This document discusses the nature and process of research. It defines research as a systematic investigation of a phenomenon involving accurate data gathering, analysis, and interpretation to contribute to theoretical or practical knowledge. Social research is described as combining principles and ideas with specific methods to produce knowledge. The purposes of research are explored as exploratory to satisfy curiosity, descriptive to provide detailed pictures, and explanatory to test or expand theories. Key stages of the research process are identified as selecting a topic, developing a research question, designing the study, collecting and analyzing data, and communicating findings. Guidelines for developing a research topic focus on choosing an interesting, specific topic that can be feasibly studied within available resources.

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371 views34 pages

Research (Module 1 and 2)

This document discusses the nature and process of research. It defines research as a systematic investigation of a phenomenon involving accurate data gathering, analysis, and interpretation to contribute to theoretical or practical knowledge. Social research is described as combining principles and ideas with specific methods to produce knowledge. The purposes of research are explored as exploratory to satisfy curiosity, descriptive to provide detailed pictures, and explanatory to test or expand theories. Key stages of the research process are identified as selecting a topic, developing a research question, designing the study, collecting and analyzing data, and communicating findings. Guidelines for developing a research topic focus on choosing an interesting, specific topic that can be feasibly studied within available resources.

Uploaded by

JohnRhey Cuizon Repuela
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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THE RESEARCH PROCESS:

WHATDOIKNOWABOUTRESEARCH?

STUDY

KNOWLEDGE PROCESS

FACTS
NATURE OF RESEARCH AND
SOCIAL RESEARCH
WHAT IS RESEARCH?
 Ardales (2001) defines research as:

A systematic, objective, and


comprehensive investigation of certain
phenomenon which involves accurate
gathering and recording, and critical
analyses and interpretation of all facts
about the phenomenon for theoretical or
practical ends.
RESEARCH
 Neuman (2007) social research is:

A process in which a researcher


combines a set of principle, outlooks,
and idea with a collection of specific
practices, techniques, and strategies to
produce knowledge.
USES OF RESEARCH
BASIC RESEARCH
 Basic research focuses the advancement and
production of new knowledge.

 This form of research is used by academicians and


scientists, the primary consumers, of such
research.
APPLIED RESEARCH
 Applied research focuses on addressing a specific
concern or usually offers a solution to a social problem.

 This form of research is usually done by practitioners


in the business sector, government, health care sector,
social service organizations, political organizations
and educational institutions.
EXAMPLES OF APPLIED RESEARCH
EVALUATION RESEARCH STUDY
 It is done to assess the effectiveness of a program,
policy, or campaign.

 This type of applied research is commonly conducted


by organization such as businesses, schools, and
government and non government organization to
analyze the effectiveness of their programs.
ACTION RESEARCH STUDY
 According to Neuman (2007), is a type of applied
research that “treats knowledge as a form of power and
abolishes the division between creating knowledge and
using knowledge to engage in political action”.
SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT RESEARCH STUDY

 Gives the possible effects or outcomes of a planned


intervention (e.g., projects) or probable changes that
might happened in the future.

 This form of applied study can be an environmental


assessment report of a program or project.
PURPOSES OF RESEARCH
EXPLORATORY RESEARCH
According to Earl Babbie (2013), exploratory research has
the following purpose:
a. To satisfy the researcher’s curiosity and desire for
better understanding
b. To examine the viability of undertaking a more
extensive study
c. To develop the methods to be used future studies
DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
According to Neuman (2007), this provides the
following functions:
a. Provides a detailed and accurate picture of the
situation
b. Clarifies a sequence of steps or stages
c. Documents a causal process or mechanism
d. Reports on the background or context of a situation
EXPLANATORY RESEARCH
According to Neuman(2007), explnatory research
has the following goals:
a. To test the predictions or principles of a theory
b. To elaborate and expand the explanation of a theory
c. To extend or develop a theory to new issue or topics
d. To support or contradict an explanation
e. To connect issues or topic with a general principle or
theory
f. To determine which of the explanation is considered
the best answer
RESEARCH PROCESS
Selecting
a topic

Identifying the
Communicating
research
research findings
question

Interpreting data Developing a


to support or research design
contradict an
explanation

Analyzing Gathering or
collecting
data data
CHOOSING A RESEARCH TOPIC
DEVELOPING A TOPIC RESEARCH
RESEARCH
 A topic is the subject or subject matter of a proposed
research study.

 For a beginning researcher, it is important to choose a


topic that interest him or her.
PRELIMINARY QUESTIONS
 What topics/s for research interests me?
 What is it about the topic that I chose that is
interesting to me?
 What do I know about the topic that interests me?
DELIMITING THE TOPIC
PERSONS OR CATEGORIES OF PEOPLE TO BE STUDIED
 As a researcher, you must clearly answer the question,
“Who are the persons that I want to study?”.

 Most of the time social research focuses on a specific


group of people or sector of society in a specific
geographic location.
PLACE OF THE STUDY
 A researcher must answer the question, “Where is the
specific geographical location of study?”.

 It is difficult to research on a topic that has a very


broad geographic scope.
TIME PERIOD OF THE RESEARCH
Social research has a specific historical period or time
frame.

It is then important to answer the question, “How


long will my study take”?
SPHERES OF HUMAN INTEREST
Researchers must identify the specific human activity
or interest that they want to look into.

They answer the question, “What human activity or


interest do I want to study”?
SOCIAL ARTIFACTS
 Social scientists can look into social artifacts or any
product of social beings or human social behavior as a
topic for research.

 To tackle a topic, the researcher must answer the


question, “What particular social artifact or
interaction will I focus on?”.
GUIDELINES FOR DEVELOPING A RESEARCH TOPIC

1. Check resources that are related to your topic in the


library.
2. Sometimes your topic can be so specific that it
becomes difficult for you to research it.
3. Avoid topics that you don’t have any knowledge at all.
4. Researchers must consider availability of sources.
5. Choose a topic that is not easily answerable.
6. Choose a topic that is not yet overly written on by
other researchers in a field.
7. Ensure that you have the necessary funds or
resources to collect data over a period of time.
8. Consider the resources or budget needed to analyze
data or information gathered.
DEVELOPING A WORKING TITLE
BASED ON THE RESEARCH TOPIC
AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION
1. The title should encapsulate the main idea of the
research.
2. The title should be in form of a concise statement
that explains the essence of the topic.
3. The title should identify the actual variables or
theoretical issues being studied in the research.
4. The title should be self-explanatory.
5. A good research title must be clearly phrased.
6. Avoid titles that do not provide any useful purpose.
7. Do not develop a very long title because it can
mislead the readers.
8. Do not begin the title with phrases like “A Study of”
or “An Experimental Investigation of”.
9. Do not use abbreviations in the title.
10. The recommended length of a research title is to 10
to 12 words.
BY:
NADELA, ERICK
AUM, FHLOR DE MAY
ESTILLORE, MELANIE
GUMERA, CHRISIA MAE
HOLANDA, KENNELYN
POGOY, MICHELLE

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