Scribd
Upload
2K views39 pages

Industrial Revolution

The document discusses the Industrial Revolution, which introduced power-driven machinery and changed the way people worked. It was caused by population growth, agricultural advances, and harnessing power from water and coal. Britain led the revolution due to its resources like coal, stable government, and wealthy investors. New inventions transformed textile production, and factories using machinery and interchangeable parts enabled mass production. Transportation improved with railroads and steamboats. Urbanization increased as people moved to cities, which had poor working conditions in the new factories. The revolution created a new social class structure.

Uploaded by

BJoy Sasi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2K views39 pages

Industrial Revolution

The document discusses the Industrial Revolution, which introduced power-driven machinery and changed the way people worked. It was caused by population growth, agricultural advances, and harnessing power from water and coal. Britain led the revolution due to its resources like coal, stable government, and wealthy investors. New inventions transformed textile production, and factories using machinery and interchangeable parts enabled mass production. Transportation improved with railroads and steamboats. Urbanization increased as people moved to cities, which had poor working conditions in the new factories. The revolution created a new social class structure.

Uploaded by

BJoy Sasi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 39

The Industrial

Revolution
A NEW KIND OF REVOLUTION
Introduction
What was revolutionary about the
Industrial Revolution?
◦ It changed the way people worked!
The Industrial Revolution is the era when
power-driven machinery was
developed.
◦ What power-driven machines do you use in
your everyday life?
Causes of the
Industrial
Revolution
Causes
The Agrarian
Revolution
A population
explosion
A revolution in
energy
Population Growth
Greater food supply led to a population
boom
Poor famers moved into cities
Human numbers through the ages
The Energy Revolution
The physical labor of humans and
animals provided energy for work

This all changed when we began to


harness the power of water and coal
In 1769 James
Watt developed
the steam engine
powered by coal
◦ This invention
would run the
machines of the
Industrial
Revolution
James
Watt and
his steam
engine
design.
Britain starts the
Industrial
Revolution
Britain leads the way
Industrialization
began in Britain, and
by the 1800s would
spread to the United
States, Japan,
Germany, and other
countries.
Exploration and colonization
◦ Colonies around the world provided raw materials
◦ Colonies also became new markets for finished goods
Geography
◦ As an island, Britain had many natural harbors and
rivers that could be used for trade, transportation, and
a power source for factories.
◦ Britain also had an abundance of coal and iron.
Political stability
◦ Britain had a strong, stable government that supported
businessmen. The powerful British navy also protected
overseas trade.
Growth of private investment
◦ Because of their huge overseas empire the British had
a very strong economy. Wealthy middle-class
Englishmen invested their money in mines, railroads,
inventions, and factories.
Factors of Production
◦ Great Britian had all three factors of
production:
◦ Land
◦ Natural resources like coal, rivers, harbors, etc.
◦ Labor
◦ A growing population that made a willing workforce
◦ Capitol
◦ Funds for investment from wealthy citizens
Advances of the
Industrial Revolution
Textiles
Before the Industrial Revolution,
spinners and weavers made
clothing at home by hand. Cotton
was spun into thread, and then
woven into cloth. Later the cloth
was dyed by an artisan.
This was known as the cottage
industry, or domestic system,
which was very slow.
Textiles: Inventions
The old ways of making cloth were
completely transformed with
industrialization
◦ Flying shuttle- John Kay
◦ Spinning Jenny- James Hargreaves
◦ Water frame- Richard Arkwright
◦ Spinning Mule- Samuel Crompton
Flying shuttle-
John Kay
◦ Hand-operated
◦ Wove cloth more
quickly
Spinning
Jenny- James
Hargreaves
◦ One person
could spin 16
threads at once
Water frame-
Richard
Arkwright
◦ Faster, water-
powered
spinner
Spinning Mule- Samuel Crompton
◦ Fastest of all, produced the best thread
Factories
Because the spinning mule needed
water power to function, producers set
up factories with water wheels along
streams.
Factory – place where workers and
machines are brought together to
produce large quantities of goods.
Mass Production
The system of manufacturing large numbers
of identical items
◦ Made possible by interchangeable parts and the
assembly line
◦ Interchangeable parts: identical, machine-made parts
◦ Assembly line: production moves from worker to
worker, items made more quickly
Transportation

In the early 1800s George Stephenson developed


steam-powered locomotives to pull carts along
rails. Railroads increased trade and industry, and
connected Britain from one end to the other.
Transportation
In 1807 Robert
Fulton, an
American, used
Watt’s steam
engine to power
a boat up the
Hudson River.
Effects of the
Industrial
Revolution
Urbanization
During the Industrial Revolution, people
moved from villages and towns into
cities
Urbanization: movement of people to
cities
Garbage filled overcrowded city streets
and disease spread.
Poor Working Conditions
Factory conditions were very harsh. Men, women,
and even children worked 12 to 16 hours a day
Work was monotonous and boring, and could also
be dangerous and unhealthy
Women were hired because they could be paid less
than men
Children were hired by textile mills and mines
because of their size
New Class Structure
Upper class: rich, industrial business owners
Upper middle class: professionals like
doctors and lawyers
Lower middle class: teachers, shop owners,
office workers
Working class: factory workers
THE SECOND
INSDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION (1870)
◦ The result of this revolution was the creation of the
internal combustion engine that started to reach its full
potential.
◦ Other important points of the second industrial
revolution was the development for steel demand,
chemical synthesis and methods of communication
such as the telegraph and the telephone.
◦ Finally, the inventions of the automobile and the plane
at the end of the 20th century are the reason why, to
this day, the Second Industrial Revolution is considered
the most important one.
THE THIRD INSDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION (1969)
◦ The third revolution brought forth the rise of
electronics, telecommunications and of course
computers. Through the new technologies, the third
industrial revolution opened the doors to space
expeditions, research, and biotechnology.

◦ In the world of the industries, two major inventions,


Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) and Robots
helped give rise to an era of high-level automation.
INDUSTRY 4.0
◦ Industry 4.0 started in the dawn of the third millennium
with the one thing that everyone uses every single day.
The Internet. We can see the transition from the first
industrial revolution that rooted for technological
phenomenon all the way to Industry 4.0 that develops
virtual reality worlds, allowing us to bend the laws of
physics.

You might also like