SECOND REVIEW

STRESS ANALYSIS ON PIPING SYSTEMS

IN OFFSHORE PLATFORMS

PROJECT MEMBERS:
1.JAYAPRIYADHARSHINI T S

PROJECT SUPERVISOR: Mrs. Dr. A. RADHA

PROFESSOR/MECH
 Problem Description

● The pipe lines of a 20 years old ONGC WIS-R process platform have
almost corroded and there are formation cracks which leads to leakages.
ONGC feels that it is unsafe for doing process in the same platform
anymore.
● So the project is based on modelling and stress analyzing a part of the
piping system in the NWIS-R platform which can resist corrosion ,
prevents cracks and can withstand very high pressure and temperature.
• Therefore to ensure more safety , the pipe is designed
and modelled in such a way that it can withstand very
high temperature and pressure.
• Required temperature that the ONGC wants the pipelines
to withstand is 60 degree celcius and pipe line was
designed with 104 degree celcius.
• Required pressure that the ONGC wants the pipe line to
withstand is 80 kg per sq.cm and the pipe line was
designed with 140 kg per sq.cm.
 BRIEF OUTLINE OF THE PROJECT
 
For the purpose of constructing a pipe line connecting between the fuel gas skid to the tie-in point at bridge ,the pipe line is designed and
stress analysis is done and checked safe under different conditions. The inputs for the piping system was done using CAESAR II
software and the results of analysis obtained from CAESAR was compared with the manual calculation. Briefly the results of analysis
intended stress summary at nodes, restraint summary at support points and displacements at each node.
The following inputs was used to perform stress analysis using CAESAR II:
 P&ID- It shows the details of the pipe where it is connected from and to and also the details of line numbers, components etc.,
 CRITICAL LINE LIST: It consists of the process parameters like design/operating temperature and pressure, line specifications,
thickness of pipe, hydro test pressure etc.,
 PIPE MATERIAL SPECIFICATION: It consists of the details about the pipe thickness, materials used, corrosion allowance etc., for
every line specifications used.
 ISOMETRICS: It is detailed pipe routing consisting of all the components mentioned in the P&ID and modelled in PDMS(Plant Design
Modelling Software).This is used to model the line in CAESAR with the dimensions at East/West/North/South Elevations.
 
OBJECTIVE
BULL DIAGRAM
PIPE STRESS OFFSHORE PLATFORMS FOR LONGER LIFE
ENGINEERS

STRESS ANALYSIS
ON OFFSHORE
PLATFORM

CAESAR II ENABLES YOU TO GATHER ACCURATE DATA FROM THE DESIGN AND
MAKES IT TO CREATE ERROR FREE ANALYSIS MODELS.
OCTOPUS DIAGRAM
EVALUATE INCREASES
SYSTEM PRODUCTIVITY
MODELS

INCREASES CF1 PREVENTING

CF6 CF2
RELIABILITY LEAKAGES
CF5

PIPE STRESS
PF2 CF3
ANALYSIS MEASURING
PREVENTION AND
OF CRACKS CF4 ANALYZING THE
PF1
EFFECTS IN ALL
LOAD CASES
PREVENTION ABLE TO
OF WITHSTAND HIGH
CORROSION PRESSURE AND
TEMPERATURE
PRINCIPAL FUNCTION

PF1 To design and stress analysis a offshore platform which can withstand very high temperature and pressure.

PF2 To design a offshore platform free from cracks and leakage.

CONSTRAINT FUNCTION

CF1 It helps in increasing the productivity of oil and gas.

CF2 Prevents leakages due to cracks.

CF3 Effects are measured and analyzed in different load conditions.

CF4 Corrosion is prevented by using carbon steel.

CF5 Increases the quality and performs consistently well.

CF6 Different models are evaluated.

 LITERATURE STUDY:
• PROCESS PIPING MATERIALS-MODULE 2
Good practice is to produce bulk carbon steel piping with an inorganic zinc
primer.The primer can be then top coated in the field with most high performance
coating systems where the operating temperature is below the 400 degree Celsius.
• PIPE STRESS ANALYSIS:T.N. GOPINATH
• DESIGN DRAWING,PIPING EQUIPMENTS,WELDING SYMBOLS: T.TN.GOPINATH
• PIPING DESIGN ONLINE. CAESAR 2
PIPING MATERAIL SPECIFICATION:

 Pipe material specification is the basis for the selection of stress critical
lines, stress analysis procedure. It is a document which provides the
appropriate selection, specification and material grade of piping and the
piping components.
 For all subsequent maintenance and repair on a section of pipe, the piping
components remain as a key to correct material selection.
 To use the piping specification, reference must be made to the process
and instrument diagram.
 Having determined the piping specification number, turn to the
appropriate page in the piping specification document. It gives the details
of the correct type of gasket, flanges, pipe material, pipe wall thickness
etc.,
 It also links to other standards such as testing, welding, inspection,
painting and so on.
 The pipe material specifications for this project is been attached.
PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM:

 A piping and instrumentation diagram is a graphic representation of a process system that

includes piping, vessels, control valves, instrumentation, and other components and equipment in
the system.
 The support documents for P&ID is, Process Flow Drawings (PFD), Piping material
Specifications (PMS), Equipment and Instrumentation Specifications (EIS), Functional
Requirement Specification (FRS).
 To use the piping material specification reference must be made from P&ID
 Identify the section of pipe in the P&ID and a line number will be quoted as follows:
1. The section of pipe for this project is line no.WIS-R-2”-FG-E1N-6203 AND WIS-R-6”-FG-E1N-
6201.
2. WIS-R refers to the process Water Injection system.
3. 2”, 6” –The nominal pipe size of the line.
4. FG-The service code. This refers to the contents of pipe. In this instance FG refers to Flow Gas.
5. E1N- The piping specification number. This is a short hand reference into the piping specification
document.
6. 6203, 6201-This the pipe line number which is unique number allocated to the specific section.

The stress analysis was done on SYSTEM-12 in the P&ID Diagram.

 
STRESS CRTICAL LINE LSIT:
Stress Analysis is a complex task or in any process unit there are huge number of lines exist which runs from
one location to another location. A guideline is created, for deciding which line is to be stress analyzed is called the
stress critical line list.
• The main factors which decides the stress critical lines are as follows:
1. Line design
2. Operating and design temperature.
3. Operating and the design pressure.
4. Pipe condition.
5. Pipe thickness.
6. Liquid density.
7. Insulation thickness.
8. Pipe and Equipment material.
• The stress critical line list has the following information :
1. Criticality level.
2. Stress system number.
3. P&ID number.
4. Line number.
5. Line information.
6. Operating condition.
7. Design condition.
8. Test condition.
ISOMETRIC DRAWING:

 Generally in the development of a project a conceptual 2D drawing is

created. Then it is converted into a 3D model to check the interference of
pipelines. Isometric drawing is generally on a A3 size paper which helps in
understanding the pipelines easily.
 Unlike orthographic, piping isometrics allow the pipe to be drawn in a
manner by which length, width and depth are shown in a single view.
 The fittings, flanges, valves are represented by symbols.
 The pipe in an isometric view is always drawn by a single line. This single
line is the center line of the pipe.
 It also includes a table that lists the numbers and description of each type of
fittings represented in the drawing.
 If the piping system is complicated then the individual pipe runs are
represented on a separate isometric diagrams.
 It give the details about the length, elevation, node number, flanges,
nozzles, valves, welding type, etc.,
 GANTT CHART

DATE DEC 10 DEC 12 DEC 17 DEC 20 DEC 26 DEC 30 JAN JAN JAN
ACTIVITY 1 6 8

S ORGANIZATION OF WORK 2                
 
T BASIC OF PIPING COMPONENTS   5              
 
U BASICS OF PIPING DRAWING     3     2      
 
D DESIGN OF PIPING SYSTEMS ,CODES       5     5    
  AND STANDARDS
Y CEASAR -II         4     1  
ANALYSING THE PROJECT GIVEN           2      

MODELLING             5    
STRESS ANALYSIS               1  

REPORT                 2
MODEL
According to ASME B31.3, the stresses to which a piping system is subjected
may be separate in three main classes, for which the codes establish limits:

 Hydrostatic Loads (W+Pf) – Pipe weight and fluid pressure.

 Sustained Loads(W+Pi) – Pipe weight and internal pressure.
 Operating Loads(W+T+P) – Pipe weight,thermal expansions and
pressure.
 Experimental loads(W+P+T+S) – Pipe weight, thermal expansion,
pressure, terminal point displacement.
Occasional Loads – Load that do not occur on a regular basis, but do happen on
operation
STRESS ANALYSIS
REPORT
5.2. STRESS SUMMARY REPORT
CASE 4 (SUS) W+P1
CASE 5 (EXP) L5=L2-L4
CASE 6 (EXP) L6=L3-L4
CASE 7 (EXP) L7=L2-L3

Piping Code: B31.3 = B31.3 -2016, Jan 5, 2017

CODE STRESS CHECK PASSED : LOADCASE 4 (SUS) W+P1

Highest Stresses: (Kg /sq.cm.) LOADCASE 4 (SUS) W+P1

Ratio (%): 47.9 @Node 1260
Code Stress: 673.5 Allowable Stress: 1406.1
Axial Stress: 380.8 @Node 438
Bending Stress: 356.0 @Node 1260
Torsion Stress: 40.6 @Node 1040
Hoop Stress: 826.4 @Node 78
Max Stress Intensity: 1043.5 @Node 280

CODE STRESS CHECK PASSED : LOADCASE 5 (EXP) L5=L2-L4

Highest Stresses: (Kg /sq.cm.) LOADCASE 5 (EXP) L5=L2-L4

Ratio (%): 18.5 @Node 439
Code Stress: 391.2 Allowable Stress: 2109.2
Axial Stress: 8.2 @Node 439
Bending Stress: 381.6 @Node 439
Torsion Stress: 156.4 @Node 1000
Hoop Stress: 0.0 @Node 40
Max Stress Intensity: 636.4 @Node 280
 CODE STRESS CHECK PASSED : LOADCASE 6 (EXP) L6=L3-L4

Highest Stresses: (Kg /sq.cm.) LOADCASE 6 (EXP) L6=L3-L4

Ratio (%): 7.5 @Node 439
Code Stress: 158.9 Allowable Stress: 2109.2
Axial Stress: 5.0 @Node 600
Bending Stress: 155.0 @Node 439
Torsion Stress: 65.3 @Node 1000
Hoop Stress: 0.0 @Node 40
Max Stress Intensity: 269.9 @Node 280

CODE STRESS CHECK PASSED : LOADCASE 7 (EXP) L7=L2-L3

Highest Stresses: (Kg /sq.cm.) LOADCASE 7 (EXP) L7=L2-L3

Ratio (%): 11.0 @Node 439
Code Stress: 232.3 Allowable Stress: 2109.2
Axial Stress: 5.0 @Node 1280
Bending Stress: 226.7 @Node 439
Torsion Stress: 91.1 @Node 1000
Hoop Stress: 0.0 @Node 40
Max Stress Intensity: 366.8 @Node 280
DISPLACEMENT
REPORT
5.3. DISPLACEMENT REPORT: CASE 2: (OPE)W1+P1+T1

Node DX mm. DY mm. DZ mm. RX deg. RY deg. RZ deg.

1 0.000 -0.000 0.000 0.0000 -0.0000 0.0000

10 0.007 0.005 -0.229 0.0016 -0.0014 0.0008

40 0.011 0.010 -0.367 0.0017 -0.0014 0.0008

78 -0.034 0.079 -0.914 0.0113 0.0160 0.0056

79 -0.167 0.110 -1.029 0.0159 0.0372 0.0066

80 -0.368 0.110 -0.951 0.0188 0.0597 0.0087

120 -0.876 -0.000 -0.244 0.0276 0.0842 0.0152

160 -1.106 -0.075 0.142 0.0316 0.0913 0.0187

200 -1.243 -0.123 0.378 0.0316 0.0913 0.0187

220 -1.808 -0.322 1.350 0.0317 0.0914 0.0188

240 -1.944 -0.371 1.586 0.0317 0.0914 0.0188

280 -2.221 -0.488 2.056 0.0365 0.0866 0.0275

318 -2.406 -0.596 2.355 0.0408 0.0828 0.0357

319 -2.500 -0.782 2.525 0.0470 0.0720 0.0546

320 -2.378 -1.003 2.460 0.0571 0.0624 0.0736

358 -0.476 -2.107 0.730 0.1203 0.0107 0.0970

359 -0.209 -2.091 0.288 0.1522 0.0028 0.0951

360 -0.092 -1.675 -0.052 0.1834 -0.0063 0.0925

400 -0.000 -0.000 -0.495 0.2128 -0.0126 0.0824

438 0.614 9.050 -2.737 0.1510 -0.0149 0.0313

439 0.688 9.359 -3.030 0.1076 -0.0137 0.0270

440 0.771 9.318 -3.327 0.0625 -0.0125 0.0210

480 -0.000 5.993 -0.000 -0.0781 -0.0069 -0.0487

518 -6.396 0.053 0.187 0.0384 0.0031 -0.0015

519 -6.318 -0.085 0.074 0.0387 0.0034 0.0117

520 -6.150 -0.096 0.019 0.0388 0.0035 0.0180

CALCULATIONS:
DATAS OF PIPE:

D= 168.27mm =16.827cm

d=131.74mm=13.174cm

T=1.826 cm

AREA= 𝜋 2= 𝜋
𝐷 ሺ16.827ሻ2
4 4

AREA = 85.97 cm2

Stresses are calculated in the nodes located at the ends of each element.For the
shear stresses, the maximum tension in the outer surface of the pipe is given by,

𝑀𝑡
𝜏=
2𝑍

Mt is the shear moment.

Z is the section modulus.

𝐼
𝑍=
𝑅

I is the moment of inertia.

R is the outer radius.

𝜋
𝐼 = 64 (𝐷4-d4)
 𝜋
I= (16.824-13.1744)
64

I = 2457.1575 cm4

SECTION MODULUS,

𝐼
Z=
𝑅

2457 .1575
Z=
16.827

Z= 292.06 cm3
Tension stress, (node 80-90)

Mt=13600 kg cm

13600
𝜏 =
2 ∗ 292.06

𝜏 = 23.28 kg cm-2 ≈ 23.7 kg cm-2

Tension stress, (node 90-100)

Mt=-13600 kg cm

−13600
𝜏 =
2 ∗ 292.06

𝜏 = −23.28 kg cm-2 ≈ −23.7 kg cm-2

The bending stress acting on the two different plane can be combined,
consequently the combined bending stress Sb acting on the longitudinal
direction is given by,

2 2
𝑆𝑏 = √((IiMi) +(IoMo) ) /Z

Mi, Mo are the inner and outer plane bending stresses respectively.
Ii, Io are the inner and outer plane stress intensification factor respectively.
Bending stress, (node 80-90)

Mi=-34290 kg cm
Mo=6430 kg cm
Ii=Io=1

𝑆𝑏 = √((−34290)2+(6430)2) /292.06

Sb=119.45 kg cm-2 ≈ 121.8 kg cm-2

Bending stress, (node 90-100)

Mi=-41820 kg cm
Mo=16580 kg cm
Ii=Io=1

𝑆𝑏 = √((−41820)2+(16580)2) /292.06

Sb=154.57 kg cm-2 ≈ 157.1 kg cm-2

 COMPARISON OF RESULTS:
The results obtained from CAESAR II was compared with the manual calculations done using piping code ASME B31.3, and are tabulated as follows

STRESS NODE CAESAR II OUTPUT MANUAL CALCULATION VALUE

TENSION STRESS 90 -23.28kg/cm2 -23.7 kg/cm2

TENSION STRESS 80 23.28 kg/cm2 23.7 kg/cm2

BENDING STRESS 90 154.57 kg/cm2 157.1 kg/cm2

BENDING STRESS 80 119.45 kg/cm2 121.8 kg/cm2

Work done so far:
DESIGN
MODELLING
REPORT
CALCULATIONS
COMPARISON
WORK TO BE DONE:

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