 Oral communication implies communication

through the mouth, with clear and sensible

meaning to what is said.
 Griffin, R.W. describes oral communication as
the process of transmitting information from
one person to another.
 It takes place in face to face conversations or
listening session, group discussions,
telephone calls and other circumstances in
which spoken word is used to express
meaning.
 It is a vital, integral part of the modern business
world.
 • People in workplace spend over 75% of their
time communicating
 • Oral communication at organization level
include:
 Staff meeting, Personal discussion, Presentations,
Telephone discourse, informal conversation
 • Out side the organization it take the form of
face-to-face, meetings, telephone calls,
speeches, telephone conference, audio/video-
conferences.
 Presentations for board members clients or
colleagues
 Informal work related discussions
 Persuading colleagues and other individuals
 Informal social conversations or events
 Following instructions and proper executions
of them
 Networking
 Instructing explaining and demonstrating to
subordinates and clients
 Negotiating with clients and employees
 Conflict resolution among people of different
cultures, race , morals and ethics
 Chairing and leading discussions
 Building relations with fellow team members.
 Oral communication in business world
 Informative presentation
 The purpose is to define and explain
information to an individual or a group of
people.
 Aims of an informative presenter
 Attracting audience attention
 Increasing understanding
 Maintain the interest of the audience
 Assisting retention
 Persuasion
 Persuasion is the process of trying to
convince others to change their view on a
certain object or concept:
 Influence
 Motivation
 Aims of persuasive presenter is to:
 Change the views and feelings of the
audience
 Change behavior of the audience through
 Adoption
 Deterrence
 Discontinuance
 Continuance
 Establish your credibility right upfront
 Include a goal early in the presentation
 Use supporting material liberally
 Begin separate ideas with powerful
quotations and images
 Ask thought provoking or rhetorical
questions
 Make starling statements
 Be prepared for difficult questions.
 Planning and organizing
 Systematic preparation
 Rehearsals
 Natural delivery and dress code
 Effective images and videos
 How to avoid fear of failure:
 Analyze all potential outcomes
 Rational thinking and positive thinking
 Look at the worst case scenario
 Have a contingency plan
 Sports motivational talks
 Sports is fundamentally a competitive game
 Form of oral communication used
 The building of relations between team
members,not only between players but also
between coach.
 Significance and impact:
 A sense of unity and of being one.
 Forms of oral communication related to
Charity events
 Networking ,persuading colleagues and
presentation
 Persuasion
 It is the process of inducing change or
modifying a persons particular belief, way of
thinking or behaviour through influence and
motivation
 Guidelines for persuasive messages:
 Attraction
 Arouse psychological needs
 Present persuasive information showing the
receiver how to satisfy those psychological
needs.
 Present evidence to support claims
 Urge action
 Written
communication is…
 • Formal
 • Planned
 • Detailed
 • Official
 • elicits a response
after lapse of some
time
 • carries more
authority and is
proof of a transaction
 Oral
communications
is…
• more spontaneous
 • more direct
 • less formal
 • elicits a prompt
response of some
kind.
 1. Asking questions
 2. Listening skills
 3. Providing
feedback that has
impact
 4. Receiving
feedback with grace
and dignity
 (1) Asking question
 Good quality questions
lead to good quality
information
 1. Open questions
 They typically begin with:
 (What, Why, Where,
When, Which, Who, How)
 2. Closed questions
 They may begin with;
 ( Did, Can, Are, Is, Have,
Do, Shall …. )
 (2) Listening skills
 Active listening is making a conscious effort
to hear not only the words that another
person is saying but to understand the total
message being sent.
Look interested
Inquire with question
Stay focused
Test your understanding
Evaluate the message
Neutralize your feeling
 1. Hearing is Physical process that takes place
naturally.
 2. Listening is a mental process that requires
effort.
 3. Listening is wanting to hear and
understand to get an accurate perception of
what is being communicated.
 Types of feedback
 • Positive – simple praise and reinforces
why/how the other did well
 • Constructive – how the other can do better,
sensitively delivered,
 focus on observable facts (Feedback sandwich)
 • Negative – describes a perceived negative
behaviour without
 proposing a solution, destructive, happens
accidentally or aimed at terminating relationship
 If possible, give feedback in private
 Feedback is useful when well timed
 Focus on person’s behaviour not the
personality
 Feedback should focus on issues not the
person
 Feedback is useful when well timed
 Describe don’t evaluate
 Be specific not general
 Discuss the feedback with those whose
opinions you respect
 Be attentive to the person giving feedback
 Take it as a sincere gift that will help you
grow.
 Take notes, record the words the giver used
 Ask for examples to support the point
 Avoid being defensive
 Stay calm
 • Face to face talking
 • Meetings
 • Conference calls
 • Phone calls
 • Presentations
 • Video or audio recordings
 • Radio or TV
 • Internet
 • Other forms of oral communication
Behavior

Thoughts
Attitudes
Feelings
 • Perception and language (different language,
vocabulary,
 accent, dialect, semantic gaps, etc)
 • Restrictive environments
 • Distractions
 • Deceptive tactics
 • Information overload
 • Cultural ( age, education, gender, social status,
economic
 position, cultural backgrounds, religious and
political beliefs,
 values, etc)
 • Psychological (emotions, anger, fearful...etc)
 • Be a good listener
 • Give and receive feedback
 • Be clear (should be crisp and to the point)
 • Simplify language
 • Constrain emotions
 • Avoid digression (gives wrong impression)
 • Know your audience (behaviour, culture,
education etc)
 • Play back for confirmation (stop for
confirmation and verify
 what you understand)
 There is high level of understanding and transparency in oral
communication as it is interpersonal.
 There is no element of rigidity in oral communication.
 There is flexibility for allowing changes in the decisions previously
taken.
 The feedback is spontaneous in case of oral communication. Thus,
decisions can be made quickly without any delay.
 Oral communication is not only time saving, but it also saves upon
money and efforts.
 Oral communication is best in case of problem resolution. The conflicts,
disputes and many issues/differences can be put to an end by talking
them over.
 Oral communication is an essential for teamwork and group energy.
 Oral communication promotes a receptive and encouraging morale
among organizational employees.
 Oral communication can be best used to transfer private and
confidential information/matter.
 Relying only on oral communication may not be suퟌcient as
business communication is formal and very organized.
 Oral communication is less authentic than written
communication as they are informal and not as organized as
written communication.
 Oral communication is time-saving as far as daily interactions
are concerned, but in case of meetings, long speeches consume
lot of time and are unproductive at times.
 Oral communications are not easy to maintain and thus they are
unsteady.
 There may be misunderstandings as the information is not
complete and may lack essentials.
 It requires attentiveness and great receptivity on part of the
receivers/audience.
 Oral communication (such as speeches) is not frequently used as
legal records except in investigation work.
 In conclusion oral communication plays a
large role in when how and why people
should receive information.
 The way in which information will be
presented or communicated will determine a
way in which those individuals react to the
information and play out a role in which
instructed to them.