Lightweight concrete has a density of 300-1850 kg/m3, much lower than normal concrete at 2200-2600 kg/m3. It is made by incorporating air bubbles or using lightweight aggregates. This reduces weight while maintaining adequate strength for applications like roofing and insulation. Proper mix design and placement are needed to ensure strength and durability against issues like freezing/thawing, chemical reactions, and steel corrosion. Lightweight concrete expands building design possibilities through its lighter weight and thermal insulation properties.
Lightweight concrete has a density of 300-1850 kg/m3, much lower than normal concrete at 2200-2600 kg/m3. It is made by incorporating air bubbles or using lightweight aggregates. This reduces weight while maintaining adequate strength for applications like roofing and insulation. Proper mix design and placement are needed to ensure strength and durability against issues like freezing/thawing, chemical reactions, and steel corrosion. Lightweight concrete expands building design possibilities through its lighter weight and thermal insulation properties.
Lightweight concrete has a density of 300-1850 kg/m3, much lower than normal concrete at 2200-2600 kg/m3. It is made by incorporating air bubbles or using lightweight aggregates. This reduces weight while maintaining adequate strength for applications like roofing and insulation. Proper mix design and placement are needed to ensure strength and durability against issues like freezing/thawing, chemical reactions, and steel corrosion. Lightweight concrete expands building design possibilities through its lighter weight and thermal insulation properties.
Lightweight concrete has a density of 300-1850 kg/m3, much lower than normal concrete at 2200-2600 kg/m3. It is made by incorporating air bubbles or using lightweight aggregates. This reduces weight while maintaining adequate strength for applications like roofing and insulation. Proper mix design and placement are needed to ensure strength and durability against issues like freezing/thawing, chemical reactions, and steel corrosion. Lightweight concrete expands building design possibilities through its lighter weight and thermal insulation properties.
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1of 20
Light Weight Concrete
Om R Tundalwar Class: M.Tech(Structural Engg) Roll No.M2192022
MIT School Of Engineering 1
INTRODUCTION • Light weight concrete is a special concrete which weighs lighter than conventional concrete. • Density of this concrete is considerably low (300 kg/m3 to 1850 kg/m3) when compared to normal concrete (2200kg/m3 to 2600kg/m3). • Three types of LWC – 1. Light weight aggregate concrete 2. Aerated concrete 3. No – fines concrete • The lightweight aggregates used are usually expanded shale, clay, or slate materials that have been fired in a rotary kiln to give them a porous structure, similar to volcanic rock. In some mixes air cooled blast furnace slag is also used. MIT School Of Engineering 2 PRINCIPLE • The basic principle behind the making of light weight concrete is by inducing the air in concrete. • To achieve the above principle practically, there are 3 different ways. 1. By replacing the conventional aggregates by cellular porous aggregates (Light weight aggregate Concrete). 2. By incorporating the air or gas bubbles in concrete (Aerated concrete). 3. By omitting the sand from the concrete (No- fines concrete).
MIT School Of Engineering 3
ADVANTAGES • Reduces the dead load of the building. • Easy to handle and hence reduces the cost of transportation and handling. • Improves the workability. • Relatively low thermal conductivity. • Comparatively more durable. • Good resistance to freezing & thawing action when compared to conventional concrete.
MIT School Of Engineering 4
DISADVANTAGES • Very Sensitive with water content in the mixture. • Difficult to place and finish because of porosity and angularity of the aggregate .In some mixes the cement mortar may separate the aggregate and float towards the surface. • Mixing time is longer than conventional concrete to assure proper mixing . • Lightweight Concrete are porous and shows poor resistance
MIT School Of Engineering 5
APPLICATIONS • Since the strength of L.W.C. is low, it is used in the construction of roof slabs, small houses with load bearing walls etc. • It is also used in the construction of stairs, windows, garden walls, etc. • In large buildings also, this is used in the construction of partition walls. • These are moulded in the form of slabs and used as thermal insulators inside the building.
MIT School Of Engineering 6
USES OF LIGHT WEIGHT AGGREGATE • Screeds and thickening for general purposes especially when such screeds or thickening and Screeds and walls where timber has to be attached by nailing. • Casting structural steel to protect its against fire and corrosion or as a covering for architectural purposes. • Heat insulation on roofs. • Insulating water pipes. • Construction of partition walls and panel walls in frame structures. • Fixing bricks to receive nails from joinery, principally in domestic or domestic type construction. • General insulation of walls. • Surface rendered for external walls of small houses. • It is also being used for reinforced concrete. • weight to floors roofs and other structural members. MIT School Of Engineering 7 LIGHT WEIGHT AGGREGATE CONCRETE • Basically two types of light weight aggregates 1. Natural aggregates 2. Artificial aggregates • Natural light weight aggregates are less preferred over artificial aggregates. • Important natural aggregates – Pumice & Scoria • Artificial aggregates are usually produced by expanding the rocks such as Shale, Slate, Perlite, Vermiculite, etc. • Type of aggregates decides the density of concrete. • Density of concrete as low as 300 kg/m3 can be achieved. • Compressive strength varies from 0.3Mpa to 40Mpa. MIT School Of Engineering 8 TYPES OF LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATES • Pumice – is used for reinforced concrete roof slab, mainly for industrial roofs in Germany. • Foamed Slag – was the first lightweight aggregate suitable for reinforced concrete that was produced in large quantity. • Expanded Clays and Shales – capable of achieving sufficiently high strength for prestressed concrete. Well established under the trade names of Aglite and Leca , Haydite, Rocklite, Gravelite and Aglite .
MIT School Of Engineering 9
• Sintered Pulverised – fuel ash aggregate – is being used in the UK for a variety of structural purposes and is being marketed under the trade name Lytag
MIT School Of Engineering 10
Factors Affecting Durability of Lightweight Concrete and its Remedies • Following are the different durability properties of lightweight concrete and its remedies: 1. Freezing and thawing resistance 2. Lightweight aggregate resistance against chemical attack 3. Abrasion resistance 4. Carbonation 5. Corrosion resistance of reinforced lightweight concrete
MIT School Of Engineering 11
Freezing and Thawing Resistance of Lightweight Concrete • The resistance of lightweight concrete against freezing and thawing effect is based on number of factor such as types of aggregates, proportions of concrete mixture, aggregate moisture content, and the percentage of air entrainment. • It is demonstrated through tests that, the durability of non-air entrained lightweight concrete under freezing and thawing condition is better than then non-air entrained normal weight concrete, specifically if natural fines are utilized. • Regarding air entrained performance under freezing and thawing conditions, the ability of lightweight concrete that is produced with lightweight aggregate in air dry condition is considerably greater than that of normal weight concrete. • Freezing and thawing resistance of high strength lightweight concrete, which its compressive strength ranges between 54 and 73 MPa, is exceptional and substantially great. MIT School Of Engineering 12 Lightweight Aggregate Resistance Against Chemical Attack • Lightweight coarse aggregates are not likely to react with alkalis , therefore, chemical attacks might not influence lightweight concrete the same way as normal weight concrete. Lightweight concrete matrix usually has high cement content a d low free water to cement ratio which make the penetration difficult. • Dense fines are applied in the production of the majority of structural grades of lightweight aggregate concrete, that is why such concrete need to be investigated for possible reactivity
MIT School Of Engineering 13
Abrasion Resistance of Lightweight Concrete • Lightweight concrete resistance against abrasion is based on strength, hardness, toughness characteristics of aggregate and cement paste, and the bond between aggregate and cement paste. The resistance of lightweight concrete is enhanced as the properties are improved. • Lightweight aggregate resistance to abrasion is decreased substantially if the aggregate particles are exposed. It is reported that, the resistance of lightweight concrete used in the construction of bridge deck subjected to hundred million crossings of vehicles show similar resistance to that of normal weight concrete. • It is advised to undertake certain level of restrictions in commercial utilization where steel wheeled industrial vehicles are employed although surface protection is usually provided in such applications.
MIT School Of Engineering 14
Carbonation of Lightweight Concrete • Carbonation is the reaction between calcium hydroxide produced because of cement hydration and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. This will create calcium carbonate that lead to reduce alkalinity, which naturally protect embedded reinforcement from corrosion in concrete. • Most of lightweight aggregates are porous that makes lightweight concrete more previous and permits gas diffusion for instance carbon dioxide. • This problem can be tackled provided that a good aggregate distribution is obtained and continuous paths though particles to the steel reinforcement is avoided to decrease carbonation rate. • The ability of lightweight concrete to withstand carbonation can be improved by providing thick concrete cover and increase the amount of cement content. It is shown through tests that the depth of carbonation is quite small if the amount of cement content is larger than 350 Kg/m3. MIT School Of Engineering 15 Corrosion Resistance of Reinforced Lightweight Concrete • Concrete alkalinity provides a protective layer to steel reinforcement and avoids steel corrosion. The alkalinity of concrete can be increased by using large percentage of cement and it is recommended to be greater than 350 Kg/m3 otherwise the steel reinforcements will be corroded quickly. • Apart from using large amount of cement, it is highly advantageous and beneficiary to compact the concrete adequately because it contributes to the concrete resistance against carbonation ingression. Providing large concrete cover is another technique to decrease carbonation rate.
MIT School Of Engineering 16
METHODOLOGY • BATCHING • WEIGH BATCHING • MEASUREMENT OF WATER • PREPARATION OF CONCRETE CUBES • COMPACTING • CURING • TESTING
MIT School Of Engineering 17
MIX DESIGN • Difficult to decide water – cement ratio, due to variable water absorption by aggregates. • Generally done by trial mixing. • Pre – saturation of aggregates is done to avoid excessive absorption of water by aggregates. • Concrete with saturated aggregates will have higher density, which is bad in freezing & thawing action. • In rare cases, aggregates are coated with bitumen to overcome the water absorption problem.
MIT School Of Engineering 18
CONCLUSION • Compression strength value is compared to normal concrete and replacement of Coarse aggregate by Pumice from different percentages (50%, 60%, 70%). • Maximum value of strength is obtained in 60%replacement by Pumice with coarse aggregate. • Concrete with 60% replacement of pumice the compressive strength is comparable with normal concrete. • This type of concrete can be utilized in wall panels of non load bearing type for use in precast buildings.