BASC108A

MODULE 1
CATTLE IN ANCIENT TIME
• Cattle originated from the word “chattel” which means
possession.
• Most important domesticated animal next to dog.
• There are about 1.3 Billion cattle in the world.
• First domesticated in Europe and Asia.
• Two ancient ancestors- Bos Taurus and Bos indicus
• Bos Taurus- A mixture of Bos primigenius (Aurochs) and Bos
longifrons, cattle without hump, temperate cattle.
( Celtic Shorthorns)
Bos indicus- cattle with hump,Zebu cattle(tropical cattle)
Zoological classification:
Phylum, Class, Sub class, Order, Sub order, Family, Genus,
Species, Sc. name
RUMINANT BEHAVIOUR
Bull can detect a cow that is coming in heat 1-2 days before
the cow will mate.
Cattle deposit their feces in a random fashion. They defecate
while walking.
Sheep- squat position when urinating
Goats are browsers while cattle, sheep and carabao are
grazers. Goats have bitter taste than sheep.
Carabao has a wallowing instinct.
THE STATUS OF CATTLE,CARABAO,
SHEEP AND GOAT INDUSTRY
• Philippine population as of July 2019
• Human- 109 M
• Cattle- 2.56 M
• Carabao-2.87 M
• Goat- 3.83 M
• Sheep- 30 T
• Meat Per Capita Consumption
• Required- 49.8 kg/person/year
• Pork- 15.8kg/person/yr
• Poultry- 13 kg/person/yr
• Beef- 3.34 kg/person/yr
• Mutton and chevon- 0.6 kg/person/yr
• Milk per capita consumption
• Philippines- 22kg/person/yr
• Thailand- 26 kg/person/yr
• Malaysia- 52 kg/person/yr
• U.S.A.- 287 kg/person/yr
CATTLE RAISING AS BUSINESS
• 1. Dairy Farming
Caracows- Ave. milk prod.- 8-10 li/day
Cows- Ave. milk prod.- 15-20 li/day
• 2. Cow-Calf Operation
Produce 2 calves in 3 years or calving
interval of 13-14 months
• 3. Feedlot Fattening
• ADG- 1 kg/day for a period of 4-6 mos.
• Dairy Farming
Dairy Farming for Poverty Alleviation
1. Dairying for agrarian reform communities and families
of OFW
2. Mainstreaming of widely consumed dairy products.
3. Institutional local government sponsored milk
feeding program
Dr. Bernardo Villegas, Manila Bulletin, July 5, 2019
• Cow Calf Operation
The aim of this operation is to produce stockers and feeders.
It has the ff. characteristics;
1. Uses upgrade cows and purebred bulls
2. Involves selling calves at weaning or selling heifers for
breeding purposes
3. Extensive use of native pasture and minimum outlay for
concentrates
4. Maybe done in combination with crop or plantation
agriculture.
• Feedlot Fattening
• Main reasons of its importance;
1. It provides the farmer with extra income
2. It gives him year-round work and allow the use of cheap
feedstuffs
3. It helps meet the urgent demand for high protein foods in
the Filipino diet
COMMON TERMS USED IN RUMINANT
PRODUCTION
Cattle Terms
• Bull- a matured male breeding cattle
• Bulling- when a cow tries to ride other cows or when she stands if
others try to ride her. A “bulling”
• Cow is in heat.
• Calf- young cattle of either sex under one year.
• Calf drop- the number of calves born
• Calving- act of giving birth in cows
• Calving interval- the average length of time in days between
successive calving.
• Castration- removal of testes from the scrotum or any method
that would render the testes
• functionless.
• Cattle- general term for any class of animals of bovine family,
genus Bos.
• Colostrum- milk produced during the first 3-5 days after
parturition which contain high protein,vitamins and minerals, and
antibodies that supply essential antibodies to the newly born
animals.
• Cow- mature female cattle
• Fattener- feeder or steer herd- these consist of those
ready for market
• Feeder stock- cattle which is fattened prior for
slaughtering
• Feedlot- area with its facilities for cattle fattening
• Free martin- a sterile calf is born twin to a male calf
• Flushing- feed livestock with plenty of feeds to make
them gain weight before or during breeding season
• Grassland- a land or an area which the natural dominant
plant form is grass
• Hand feeding- system of feeding wherein feeds are
brought to animals
• Hay- cut and dried forage for livestock
• Heifer- young female cattle usually under 3 years old
and has not given birth
• Herbage- grass and other herbaceous vegetation for
animal feeding
• Regurgitation- Return of partly digested feed from
stomach to mouth of ruminants for further digestion
• Ruminants- animals having four chambered stomach
• Rumination- Act of ‘chewing the cud”
• Silage- fermented forage crop
• Silo- a structure usually sealed when full to exclude air
and used for storing silage
• Soilage- fresh cut grass from the pasture; green chop
• Soiling- Cut and carry system or zero grazing
• Stag- castrated male cattle after the age of puberty
• Steer- castrated male cattle before the age of puberty
• Tethering- To tie with a rope
• Upgrading- improving the genetic potential of an animal
by using purebred sire on native animal
• Weaning- separating the suckling calf from its dam
usually done at 6-8 months old
• Yearling- one to two year old cattle of either sex
•Carabao Terms
•Caracow- matured female carabao
•Carabull- matured male carabao
•Carasteer or carabullock- castrated
young male carabao
•Carastag- castrated matured male carabao
•Caracalf- young carabao or either sex
• Caracalving- parturition in caracows
• Carabeef- meat of matured carabao
• Caraveal- meat of young
• Yoke- a wooden bar that is fastened over the neck
of draft carabao and attached to the plow or cart.
• Wallowing- rolling or lie relaxed in mud or water
to keep the body cool.
• Sheep terms
• Ewe- female sheep
• Ram- male sheep
• Lamb- young sheep of either sex
• Lambing- parturition in sheep
• Mutton- meat of matured sheep
• Lambchop- meat of young sheep
• Shearing- cutting the wool of sheep
• Fleece- synthetic material similar to wool
• Wool- the hair covering of sheep
Goat Terms
• Afterbirth- other term for placenta
• Browse plants- shrubs or trees nibbled by goats
• Buck or billy goat- mature male goat
• Cauterize- to burn with hot iron
• Chevon- meat of goat
• Conception- pregnancy
• Docile- easy to manage; tamed
• Doe- mature female goat
• Doeling- young female goat
• Kid- a young goat
• Kidding- parturition in female goats
• Meconium- first fecal matter or newborn goat
• Tethering- restraining an animal with a rope
• Wattle- fleshy lobe or appendage hanging down from
the throat or chin of goats
• Wether goat- castrated young male