Chapter 2: Scaling VLANs

Scaling networks 6.0 Planning Guide

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VTP, Extended VLANs, and DTP

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VTP Concepts and Operation
VTP Overview
 VLAN trunking protocol (VTP) allows a network administrator to manage VLANs on a switch
configured as a VTP server.
 The VTP server distributes and synchronizes VLAN information over trunk links to VTP-
enabled switches throughout the switched network.

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VTP Concepts and Operation
VTP Modes

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VTP Concepts and Operation
VTP Modes (Cont.)

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VTP Concepts and Operation
VTP Advertisements
 Three types of VTP Advertisements:
• Summary advertisements – contain VTP
domain name and configuration revision
number.
• Advertisement request - response to a
summary advertisement message when the
summary advertisement contains a higher
configuration revision number than the
current value.
• Subset advertisements - contain VLAN
information including any changes.

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VTP Concepts and Operation
VTP Versions
 Switches in the same VTP domain must use the same VTP version.

Note: The newest version of VTP is Version 3, which is beyond the scope of this course.

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VTP Concepts and Operation
Default VTP configuration  The show vtp status command
displays the VTP status which includes
the following:
Verify Default VTP Status
• VTP Version capable and running
• VTP Domain Name
• VTP Pruning Mode
• VTP Traps Generation
• Device ID
• Configuration Last Modified
• VTP Operating Mode
• Maximum VLANs Supported Locally
• Number of Existing VLANs
• Configuration Revision
• MD5 Digest

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VTP Concepts and Operation
VTP Caveats
 VTP configuration revision number
is stored in NVRAM.
 To reset VTP configuration revision
number to zero:
• Change the switch's VTP domain to a
nonexistent VTP domain and then
change the domain back to the original
name.
• Change the switch's VTP mode to
transparent and then back to previous
VTP mode.

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VTP Configuration
VTP Configuration Overview
 Steps to Configure VTP:
• Step 1 - Configure the VTP Server
• Step 2 - Configure the VTP Domain
Name and Password
• Step 3 - Configure the VTP Clients
• Step 4 - Configure VLANs on the
VTP Server.
• Step 5 - Verify the VTP clients have
received the new VLAN information.

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VTP Configuration
Step 1 – Configure the VTP Server
 Use the vtp mode server
command to configure a switch as a
VTP server.
• Confirm all switches are configured
with default configuration before
issuing this command to avoid
problems with configuration revision
numbers.
 Use the show vtp status to verify.
• Notice configuration revision number is
still set to 0 and number of existing
VLANS is 5.
• The 5 VLANs are the default VLAN 1
and VLANs 1002-1005.

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VTP Configuration
Step 2 – Configure the VTP Domain Name and Password
 Use the vtp domain domain-name
command to configure the domain
name.
• VTP client must have same domain
name as the VTP server before it will
accept VTP advertisements.
 Configure a password using the vtp
password password command.
• Use the show vtp password
command to verify.

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VTP Configuration
Step 3 – Configure the VTP Clients

 Use the vtp mode client command to configure the VTP clients.

 Use same domain name and password as VTP server.

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VTP Configuration
Step 4 – Configure VLANs on the VTP Server
 Use the vlan vlan-number command to
create VLANs.

 Use show vlan brief to verify the VLANs.

 Use show vtp status to verify server status.

• Every time a VLAN is added the configuration
register is incremented

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VTP Configuration
Step 5 – Verify that the VTP Clients Have Received the New VLAN Information

 Use the show vlan brief command to

verify that the client received the new
VLAN information.
 Verify client status using the show vtp
status command.

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Extended VLANs
VLAN Ranges on Catalyst Switches
 Catalyst 2960 and 3560 Series
switches support over 4,000
VLANs.
 Normal range VLANs are numbered
1 to 1,005.
• Stored in vlan.dat file
 Extended range VLANs are
numbered 1,006 to 4,094.
• Not stored in vlan.dat file
• VTP does not learn

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Extended VLANs
Creating a VLAN
 Normal range VLANs are stored in
flash in vlan.dat
 Use vlan vlan-id to create a VLAN
• Use name vlan-name to name the VLAN
• Naming each VLAN is considered a best
practice in switch configuration.
 To configure multiple VLANs, a series
of VLAN IDs can be entered separated
by commas, or a range of VLAN IDs
separated by hyphens.
• vlan 100,102,105-107

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Extended VLANs
Assigning Ports to VLANs
 Access port can belong to only one
VLAN at a time.
• Only exception is when an IP phone is
connected to the port. Then there are
two VLANs associated with the port:
one for voice and one for data.
Note: Use the interface range
command to simultaneously configure
multiple interfaces.

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Extended VLANs
Verifying VLAN Information
 Commands to verify VLANs:
• show vlan
• show interfaces
• show vlan name vlan-name
• show vlan brief
• show vlan summary
• show interfaces vlan vlan-id

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Extended VLANs
Configuring Extended VLANs
 Extended range VLANs are identified
by a VLAN ID between 1006 and
4094.
 To configure an extended VLAN on a
2960 switch it must be set to VTP
transparent mode. (By default 2960
switches do not support Extended
range VLANs.)

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Dynamic Trunking Protocol
Introduction to DTP

 Trunk negotiation is managed by the Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP)

• DTP is a Cisco proprietary protocol
• automatically enabled on Catalyst 2960 and Catalyst 3560 Series switches.
 To enable trunking from a Cisco switch to a device that does not support DTP, use the switchport
mode trunk and switchport nonegotiate
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Dynamic Trunking Protocol
Negotiated Interface Modes
 Different trunking modes:
• Switchport mode access - interface
becomes a nontrunk interface.
• Switchport mode dynamic auto - interface
becomes a trunk if the neighboring interface
is set to trunk or desirable mode.
• Switchport mode dynamic desirable -
interface becomes a trunk if the neighboring
interface is set to trunk, desirable, or
dynamic auto mode.
• Switchport mode trunk - interface
becomes a trunk even if the neighboring
interface is not a trunk interface.
• Switchport nonegotiate - prevents the  Configure trunk links statically whenever
interface from generating DTP frames. possible.
 Use show dtp interface to verify DTP.
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VTP and DTP Issues
Troubleshoot VTP Issues

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Layer 3 Switching Operation and Configuration
Introduction to Layer 3 Switching
 Multilayer switches provide high-packet
processing rates using hardware-based
switching.
 Catalyst multilayer switches support the
following types of Layer 3 interfaces:
• Routed port - A layer 3 interface
• Switch virtual interface (SVI) - Virtual Interface
for inter- VLAN routing
 All Layer 3 Cisco Catalyst switches support
routing protocols, but several models require
enhanced software for specific routing protocol
features.

 Catalyst 2960 Series switches running IOS

12.2(55) or later, support static routing.
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Layer 3 Switching Operation and Configuration
Inter-VLAN Routing with Switch Virtual Interfaces (Cont.)
 An SVI is a virtual interface that is
configured within a multilayer switch:
• To provide a gateway for a VLAN so that
traffic can be routed into or out of that VLAN.
• To provide Layer 3 IP connectivity to the
switch.
• To support routing protocol and bridging
configurations.
 Advantages of SVIs:
• Faster than router-on-a-stick.
• No need for external links from the switch to
the router for routing.
• Not limited to one link. Layer 2 EtherChannels
can be used to get more bandwidth.
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