Scribd
Upload
330 views65 pages

PFD Vs PID

The document discusses process flow diagrams (PFDs) and piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs). It explains that PFDs show the general flow of plant processes and equipment, while P&IDs provide a schematic of the piping, instrumentation, and components. The document also reviews various symbols used on PFDs and P&IDs to represent lines, valves, instruments, and other process elements.

Uploaded by

ashir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
330 views65 pages

PFD Vs PID

The document discusses process flow diagrams (PFDs) and piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs). It explains that PFDs show the general flow of plant processes and equipment, while P&IDs provide a schematic of the piping, instrumentation, and components. The document also reviews various symbols used on PFDs and P&IDs to represent lines, valves, instruments, and other process elements.

Uploaded by

ashir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 65

PFD & P&ID

GOALS
BE able to
• Grab Concept of PFD and P&ID
• Extract Information
• Describes the PFD and P&ID system of line,
valve and flow symbols.
• Explains PFD and P&ID symbols used for
instrument and measuring devices.
Outline
• INTRODUCTION

• PFD

• P&ID
INTRODUCTION
TYPES OF FLOW DIAGRAM

• BFD (Block Flow Diagram)


• PFD (Process Flow Diagram)
• UFD (Utility Flow Diagram)
• MFD (Mechanical Flow Diagram)
• P&ID (Piping and Instrumentation Diagram)
PFD
A process flow diagram (PFD) is a diagram commonly
used in chemical and process engineering to indicate
the general flow of plant processes and equipment.

P&ID
A Piping and Instrumentation Diagram - P&ID, is a schematic
illustration of functional relationship of piping, instrumentation
and system equipment components

Instrumentation, Systems, and Automation Society (ISA)


PFD
Uses
• Use to know topolog of Process
• Useful for conveying the heat and material
balances
• Useful for conveying major pieces of
equipment
• Useful for conveying processing conditions
• Useful for conveying utilities
PFD Shows
All major equipment
PFD Shows
All major process and utility lines

NO

NO

YES
PFD Shows
All stream numbers, temperatures, pressures, flows
PFD Shows
All major process controls and valves
PFD Shows
All equipment names and numbers

1101 – The first pump in


the tank farm area.
1701 – The first tank in the
tank farm area.
1405 – The fifth mixer in
the tank farm area.
2901 – A vendor package
in the Train 1 area.

HYU-P-001 – The first


pump Hydrogen unit .
HDS-R-001 – The first
reactor in DHDS Unit.
ISM-PU-001– A vendor
package isom unit
PFD Good Practices
• The flowsheet should generally flow from left to right.
• The flowsheet should not be cluttered - use multiple sheets.
• The flowsheet should be in landscape with the bound edge at top.
• The equipment should be drawn in approximately relative size, e.g.
towers larger than drums, exchangers larger than pumps etc.
• The major towers and reactors are generally on one, or nearly one,
level.
• The reader should be able to follow it with his or her eye.
• The streams should have the minimum of direction changes.
• The streams that enter across the battery limits should be on the
left.
• The streams that leave across the battery limits should be on the
right.
• The streams that move to the next sheet should leave on the right.
• The streams that recycle to earlier sheets should leave on the left.
P&ID
Uses

• Act as the definition of the process from which all


engineering, fabrication, construction and
operation is based.
• Serve as reference for Process Safety Information
(PSI) in Process Safety Management (PSM).
• BIBLE OF PLANT
Content
• Major and minor equipment
• Valves
• Instrumentation
• Stand-alone controllers
• Buttons used to control motors and devices
• Motors and drives
• Limit and point devices
• Piping
• Virtual devices
Limitation

• Not to Scale
• Not Geometrically Accurate
• Color Blind
• Not Definitive
• Not Drawn Consistently
• Don’t Show Pipe fitting type
Supporting Documents

• Process Flow Drawings (PFDs)


• Piping specifications.
• Equipment and instrumentation specifications.
• Functional/process control documents
• Equipment Tag Numbering Procedure
• Line Numbering Procedure
• Material Specifications
Reading P&ID
• The first step in reading a P&ID is to find the correct
diagram.

• Each P&ID is numbered according to the section of


pipeline that the P&ID displays.

• The P&ID number is located in the bottom right corner of


the diagram, along with a brief description of the pipeline
section it represents.
Template
• Size (A0 according to ISA)
• Title Block
1. P&ID Number
2. Client Name
3. Unit Name
4. Section Name
5. Project Name
6. Revision

• Note Column
• Reference document list Space.
• Soft File Address
Legend Sheet or Lead Sheet
• Two (2) to three (3) sheets
• Most Important Sheets (secret Decoder)
• meanings of the various symbols used on P&IDs
• About 90% information
Equipment Tag and Label
LINE SYMBOLS
• P&IDs use symbols that represent the various
types of lines in the pipeline system.
• These line symbols assist the operator in tracing
the connections between process and
instrumentation equipment.
• The direction of liquid flow through the process
lines, is shown by arrows on top of the line.
Line Number
Valve Symbol
• P&IDs also have symbols that represent various types
of valves on the system. These valve symbols indicate
whether the valve is normally open or closed.
• By recognizing the various valve symbols on a P&ID,
the operator can trace liquid flow through a line, and
identify the necessary valves to open or close when
altering the liquid’s route through the pipeline.
• If the Valve Symbol is filled in, the valve is normally
closed.
PRESSURE/VACUUM RELIEF VALVES
• Devices open if line pressure overcomes
valve spring tension.
• Pipelines and storage tanks are equipped
with pressure relief valves to relieve
excess pressure from tanks overfilling,
liquid expansion, or high pump discharge
pressure.
FLOW ELEMENT SYMBOLS
• The flow element (FE) measures flow.
• The measured flow must be converted to a
process signal suitable for use in the control
system.
• The conversion is performed by a flow
transmitter (FT).
Spec Break

To elaborate change in
Piping class (mainly)
Material Specification
Pressure
Composition
Temperature
Battery limit
Custody Transfer
Grade Level
Insulation
Some Common Symbols
Some Common Symbols (Cont.)
Some Common Symbols (Cont.)
Some Common Symbols (Cont.)
Some Common Symbols (Cont.)
Some Common Symbols (Cont.)
Some Common Symbols (Cont.)
Instrumentation
Identify the following instruments and measurement
symbols used on a P&ID.
• field-mounted instruments
• primary location front-mounted instruments and primary location
rear-mounted instruments
• auxiliary front-mounted instruments and auxiliary rear-mounted
instruments
• instruments in a shared housing
• instruments sharing a single display
• thermowell
• resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) and thermocouples
• gauge glass
• pressure indicator (PI)
• pressure indicator with transmitter (PT), and
• pressure alarms (PA).
INSTRUMENT SYMBOLS

• Instruments on the P&ID are represented


as circles or balloons.

• A code in the top half of the circle identifies


the type of instrument shown, and the
code in the bottom half of the balloon gives
the instrument number and the specific
measurement taken by the instrument
If a piece of equipment has redundant
devices associated with it, an alphabetic
suffix may be appended to the loop
number, e.g., FV1101A, FV1101B,
FV1101C, etc. (Note: Redundant means
serving the same purpose as another
device in a backup fashion.)

PI1101 – A pressure indicator on the


discharge of the first pump in the
tank farm area.
LT1701 – A level transmitter on the
PX – device type prefix (as per ISA 5.1)
first tank in the tank farm area.
EQ – the associated equipment tag
IT1405 – A current transmitter (for
SX – duplicate or redundant device suffix
the motor) on the fifth agitator in the
tank farm area.
Standalone Instruments
Loop Instruments
Alarm
Alarms are represented
by:
• XAHH (X Alarm High High)
• XAH (X Alarm High)
• XAL (X Alarm Low)
• XALL (X Alarm Low Low)
Where
X is P, L or T
P = Pressure PAHH = Pressure Alarm High High
L = Level TAH = Temperature Alarm High
T = Temperature LALL = Level Alarm Low Low
Loop Instruments
SUMMARY
• P&ID is primary document for any process industry
• Each P&ID is numbered according to the section of
pipeline the P&ID displays
• The symbols used in P&IDs are standard and established
by the Instrument Society of America (ISA).
• The P&ID shows the sequence of valves and instruments
on the pipeline
• There are standard to show lines, valves and
instrumentation
• P&ID provides 90% of process information
Check List
• Instrumentation and designations
• Mechanical equipment with names and numbers
• All valves and their identifications
• Process piping, sizes and identification
• Miscellaneous - vents, drains, special fittings, sampling lines, reducers, increasers and
swagers
• Permanent start-up and flush lines
• Flow directions
• Interconnections references
• Control inputs and outputs, interlocks
• Interfaces for class changes
• Seismic category
• Quality level
• Annunciation inputs
• Computer control system input
• Vendor and contractor interfaces
• Identification of components and subsystems delivered by others
• Intended physical sequence of the equipment

You might also like