LEADING

MOTIVATION
Objectives:

• At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

– Discuss the nature of leading / directing
– Differentiate leading from managing
– Identify the different theories of motivation
– Differentiate the various style of leadership
– Appreciate the role of communication in
directing people within the organization
– Explain the management of change and diversity
in the workplace and,
– Recognize the interrelationship of filipino and
foreign country.
What is Leading?
* A management function that
inspiring and influencing people in
an organization to achieve
common goal.
How about Managing?
• The process of working with and
through others to achieve organizational
objectives efficiently and ethically amid
constant change.
• It also deals with
planning,organizing,staffing,leading and
controlling
Successful LEADING must begin with
focusing on psychological capital of both
employer/leader and
employees/subordinates. Looking for
what is right with people rather than what
is wrong is suggested to prevent mental
and behavorial problems which are
barriers to achieving tge organizational
and individual goals.
 Personality of Human Resources
Personality pertains to the unique
combination of physical and mental
characteristics that affect how individuals
react to situations and interact with
others,and if unhealthy or not fully
functioning could cause
conflicts/problems among individuals.
A person is said to possess a healthy
personality if he or she is fully functioning in
mind,body,and spirit;he or she is an optimal
person functioning at the highest
level.Ideally,individual human resources of
organizations must have a healthy
personality because when one is functioning
at the highest level,one,inevitably,becomes
efficient in his or her work,cooperative
w i t h m a n a g e r s a n d
coworkers,and,therefore,could easily
influenced by organization leaders to work
toward the achievement of a common
organizational goal.Leading individuals in
organizations becomes effortless for the
manager and leader,especially if he or she
has a healthy and fully functioning
personality.
BIG 5 PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS
Extraversion - the degree to
which someone is scociable
talkative and assertive
Aggreeableness-the degree to which
someone is good
natured,cooperative,and trusting.
Conscientiousness-the degree to which
someone is
responsible,dependable,persistent,and
achievement-oriented
Emotional stability-the degree to which
someone is calm,enthusiastic,and
secure(positive),or
tense,nervous,depressed,and
insecure(negative)
 Openness to Experience-the degree to
which someone is imaginative,artistically
sensitive,and intellectual
Meanwhile,emotional intelligence (EL) pertain
to the ability to manage one's self and interact
with others in a positive way.Kreitner ang
Kinicki(2013)gave four key components of EL-
self- awareness,self management,social
awareness,and relationship management-based
on a study by Daniel Goleman (1995) who tried
to associate these characteristics with
leadership effectiveness.
EL at present,is still a controversial topic
because it cannot be measured,hence making
its validity is connection with leadership
questionable.However,EL has come to be
associated with jobs that require social
interaction.Tactless individuals who do not have
much concern for others'feeling or those who
are low in emotional intelligence are not well-
liked and they get involved in trouble
often.They are,therefore,not suited to jobs that
are socially interactive.
 Leading an Organization
Key work attitudes exhibited by group/teams of
workers must be taken into consideration in leading
organizations because of the diversity of their
attitudes toward things and events at work.
Managers and leaders must focus their leadership
strategies on the following key work attitues in
order to avoid distraction caused by varied
reactions and behaviors.
 Organization Citizenship Behavor
(OCB)
*Refers to employee behavior that exceeds work
role requirements and also behavior that go beyond
the call of duty.
Leading organizations becomes easy for managers
and leaders when employees exhibit OCB and show
efficiency,personal interest in the work of
others,care for organizational
property,punctuality,and attendance that go beyond
standard levels.
Such behavior brings about organizations
level outcomes (productivity.lower costs,
and customer satisfaction among others).
 Organizational Commitment
* Refers to the extent to which an
individual employee identifies with an
organization and its goals. Leading
employees with organizational
commitment is a plus factor for
managers and leaders of organizations
as it result in faster attainment of
organizational goals.
Having organizational commitment is an
important work attitude because
committed individuals are expected to
display willingness to work harder to
achieve organizational goals and to
remain employed in the firm for a long
period of time.
Since commitment is significantly
related to job performance,
managers and leaders can increase
productivity by trying to enhance
workers' organizational commitment.
 Job Satisfaction and Productivity
Job satisfaction refers to employees general
attitude toward their respective jobs.
Those with high level of job satisfaction have a
positive attitude toward their respective job. On
the other hand those with low level of job
satisfaction have a negative attitude toward
their respective jobs thus affecting their
productivity and the profits for their
organization
According to the Haw Thorne Studies
cited by Robbins and Coulter (2009)
Managers believed that happy workers
were productive workers.
Some researchers expressed doubts
about this statement however there
were those who said that the correlation
between job satisfaction and
productivity is fairly strong.
Organization with more satisfied
employees tend to be more effective
than organizations with fewer
satisfied employees.
There fore managers are advised to
find ways and means to make their
employees happy at work.
QUIZ