MACHINE LEARNING

MADE BY :- NAMAN SHARMA (281182)

WHAT IS MACHINE LEARNING?

 A branch of artificial intelligence, concerned with the design and

development of algorithms that allow computers to evolve behaviors
based on empirical data.
 As intelligence requires knowledge, it is necessary for the computers to
acquire knowledge.
 The goal of machine learning generally is to understand the structure of
data and fit that data into models that can be understood and utilized by
people.
NEED OF THE STUDY

 Some tasks cannot be defined well, except by examples ( eg:

recognizing people)

 Relationships and correlations can be hidden within large amounts of

data. Machine learning/Data Mining may be able to find these
relationships

 Human designers often produce machines that do not work as well as

desired in the environments in which they are used
  Understanding Machine Learning
 How machine learning works with
data
 Machine learning methods
OBJECTIVES  Applications of machine learning
 Machine learning in various
industries
 Furure of ML
  Supervised Learning algorithms are
trained on labeled examples, I.e., input where
the desired output is known.
 Unsupervised Learning algorithms
MACHINE LEARNING operate on unlabeled examples, I.e.,
input where the desired output is unknown.
METHODS  Reinforcement Learning is
considered with how intelligent agents ought
to act in an environment to maximize some
notion of reward from sequence actions.
 Decision tree Learning uses a decision
tree as a predictive model which maps
observations about an item to the
conclusions about the item's target value.
SUPERVISED LEARNING

 AI system is presented with data which is labeled, which

means that each data tagged with the correct label
 The goal is to approximate the mapping function so well
that when you have new input data (x) that you can predict
the output variables (Y) for that data
 As shown in the example, we have initially taken some data
and marked them as ‘Spam’ or ‘Not Spam’. This labeled data
is used by the training supervised model, this data is used to
train the model
 Once it is trained we can test our model by testing it with
some test new mails and checking of the model is able to
predict the right output
TYPES OF
SUPERVISED
 REGRESSION : A regression problem is when the output variable
LEARNINGS is a real value, such as “dollars” or “weight”. It tries to fit data with
the best hyper-plane which goes through the points.

 CLASSIFICATION : A classification problem is when the output

variable is a category, such as “red” or “blue” or “disease” and “no
disease”.
UNSUPERVISED LEARNING

 AI system is presented with unlabeled,

uncategorized data and the system’s algorithms act
on the data without prior training
 The output is dependent upon the coded
algorithms. Subjecting a system to unsupervised
learning is one way of testing AI
 In the example, we have given some characters to
our model which are ‘Ducks’ and ‘Not Ducks’. In
our training data, we don’t provide any label to the
corresponding data.
 The unsupervised model is able to separate both
the characters by looking at the type of data and
models the underlying structure or distribution in
the data in order to learn more about it.
TYPES OF
UNSUPERVISED
LEARNING
 CLUSTERING : The
unsupervised model is able to
separate both the characters by
looking at the type of data and
models the underlying structure or
distribution in the data in order to
learn more about it.

 ASSOCIATION : An association
rule learning problem is where you
want to discover rules that
describe large portions of your
data, such as people that buy X
also tend to buy Y.
REINFORCEMENT LEARNING

 A reinforcement learning algorithm, or agent, learns

by interacting with its environment
 The agent receives rewards by performing
correctly and penalties for performing incorrectly
 The agent learns without intervention from a
human by maximizing its reward and minimizing its
penalty
 It is a type of dynamic programming that trains
algorithms using a system of reward and
punishment.
DECISION TREE
LEARNING
 When working with machine
learning and data mining,
decision trees are used as a
predictive model. These models
map observations about data
to conclusions about the data’s
target value.
 In the predictive model, the
data’s attributes that are
determined through
observation are represented by
the branches, while the
conclusions about the data’s
target value are represented in
the leaves
APPLICATIONS

 Object recognition
 Detecting credit card fraud
 Robot locomotion
 Software engineering
 Stock market analysis
 Information retrieval
FUTURE OF MACHINE LEARNING

 40% of US companies use ML to improve sales and marketing.

 76% of US companies have exceeded their sales targets
because of ML
 European banks have increased product sales by 10% and lower
churn rates by 20% with ML
 IDC said that 3/4th of Enterprise and ISV developers will employ
ML in at least one of their processes by this year.
 40% of digital transformation around the globe will be made
possible with AI and ML by 2021.”
  Time Constraint in Learning : It is
impossible to make immediate accurate
predictions. Also, remember one thing that
it learns through historical data. Although,
LIMITATIONS OF it’s noted that the bigger the data and the
longer it is exposed to these data, the

MACHINE better it will perform.

 Problems With Verification : Another

LEARNING limitation is the lack of verification. It’s

difficult to prove that the predictions
made by a Machine Learning system are
suitable for all scenarios.
REFERENCES
 "A data science methodology for internet-of-things" https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-
23943-5_13
 "AI based care given for dementia patients" https://www.academia.edu/40720639/AI-
BASED_CARE_GIVEN_FOR_DEMENTIA_PATIENTS
 "Credit card fraud detection techniques: A review" https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Credit-Card-
Fraud-Detection-Techniques-%3A-A-Review-Mehndiratta-Gupta/9a73f9bef03cc4bf655da738c12b5d263a08a07f
 "Machine learning applications in
Oceanology" https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334598821_Machine_learning_applications_in_oceano
graphy
 "Generating music from literature using topic extraction and sentiment
analysis" https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322380321_Generating_Music_from_Literature_Using_Topi
c_Extraction_and_Sentiment_Analysis
THANK YOU