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    K3 Occupational Health Service

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    Rara Rahman
    This document discusses Basic Occupational Health Services (BOHS) which aims to provide occupational health services to all workplaces globally that currently lack adequate services. It outlines that BOHS seeks to provide health services to all workers regardless of economic sector, company size, geography, or employment status. The goals of BOHS are to be available to all workers, address local needs, be adapted to local environments, be affordable for providers and clients, and be organized by employers for employees or provided by the public sector for self-employed and informal workers. BOHS is envisioned as part of an integrated national occupational safety and health infrastructure and would collaborate with primary health care and safety services.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    K3 Occupational Health Service

    Uploaded by

    Rara Rahman
    49 views14 pages
    This document discusses Basic Occupational Health Services (BOHS) which aims to provide occupational health services to all workplaces globally that currently lack adequate services. It outlines that BOHS seeks to provide health services to all workers regardless of economic sector, company size, geography, or employment status. The goals of BOHS are to be available to all workers, address local needs, be adapted to local environments, be affordable for providers and clients, and be organized by employers for employees or provided by the public sector for self-employed and informal workers. BOHS is envisioned as part of an integrated national occupational safety and health infrastructure and would collaborate with primary health care and safety services.

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    PPT K3 Occupational Health Service

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    This document discusses Basic Occupational Health Services (BOHS) which aims to provide occupational health services to all workplaces globally that currently lack adequate services. It outlines that BOHS seeks to provide health services to all workers regardless of economic sector, company size, geography, or employment status. The goals of BOHS are to be available to all workers, address local needs, be adapted to local environments, be affordable for providers and clients, and be organized by employers for employees or provided by the public sector for self-employed and informal workers. BOHS is envisioned as part of an integrated national occupational safety and health infrastructure and would collaborate with primary health care and safety services.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    49 views14 pages

    K3 Occupational Health Service

    Uploaded by

    Rara Rahman
    This document discusses Basic Occupational Health Services (BOHS) which aims to provide occupational health services to all workplaces globally that currently lack adequate services. It outlines that BOHS seeks to provide health services to all workers regardless of economic sector, company size, geography, or employment status. The goals of BOHS are to be available to all workers, address local needs, be adapted to local environments, be affordable for providers and clients, and be organized by employers for employees or provided by the public sector for self-employed and informal workers. BOHS is envisioned as part of an integrated national occupational safety and health infrastructure and would collaborate with primary health care and safety services.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    Basic Occupational

    Health Services
    Yofva Hartika Hardianti Putri
    NIM : 10012681923018
    S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat UNSRI
    INTRODUCTION
    Of the total 3 billion workers in the world, more than 80% work and live without
    having access to occupational health services (OHS). This in spite of the fact that
    several authoritative bodies, including the International Labour Organization (ILO),
    the World Health Organization (WHO) and numerous professional organizations
    and the organizations of workers have, already for several decades, emphasized
    the need for services. The coverage, i.e. the proportion of workers and workplaces
    with access to services, is today diminishing rather than expanding. The ILO
    Convention No. 161 on Occupational Health Services and the WHO Global
    Strategy on Occupational Health for All call for the organization of services to all
    working people of the world. We are still far from this goal, and it is not likely that
    the coverage will essentially expand without concerted efforts. To address the new
    safety and health needs the WHO has launched a new Global Plan of Action on
    Workers' Health and the ILO has produced a Global Strategy on Occupational
    safety and Health and the ILO Convention No. 187 on Promotional Framework.
    The introduction of the concept of Basic Occupational Health
    Services (BOHS) has its roots in the WHO Alma Ata
    Declaration from the year 1978, which spells in article VI:
    "Primary health care is essential health care based on
    practical, scientifically sound and socially acceptable
    methods......It is the first level of contact of individuals, the
    family and community with the national health system bringing
    health care as close as possible to where people live and
    work..........".
    STRATEGY BACKGROUND OF BOHS

    Both the WHO Global Strategy on Occupational Health, WHO Global


    Plan of Action on Workers' Health, the ILO Global Strategy on
    Occupational Safety and Health, and the ILO Convention No. 187 on
    Promotional Framework define as an important objective the
    strengthening of occupational health services, expanding their
    coverage, and improving their content and activities. Training of
    occupational health personnel, organizing support services and
    providing a research basis and standards for OHS are the most
    important means to achieve that goal. To meet these objectives for
    the whole global workforce the BOHS initiative was made.
    CONCEPT AND OBJECTIVES OF BOHS

    Tujuan Layanan Kesehatan Kerja Dasar yaitu untuk memastikan penyediaan


    layanan untuk semua tempat kerja di dunia (di negara-negara industri dan negara
    berkembang) yang sejauh ini belum memiliki layanan yang memenuhi kebutuhan
    layanan kesehatan pekerja. BOHS berupaya untuk menyediakan layanan
    kesehatan kerja untuk masing-masing pekerja di dunia dan terlepas dari penilaian
    sektor ekonomi, ukuran perusahaan, wilayah geografis, atau sifat kontrak kerja.

    Prinsip-prinsip berikut akan diterapkan dalam organisasi Layanan Kesehatan Kerja


    Dasar:
    • Tersedia untuk semua orang yang bekerja
    • Mengatasi kebutuhan lokal
    • Disesuaikan dengan kondisi lingkungan setempat
    • Terjangkau untuk penyedia dan klien
    • Diorganisir oleh atasan untuk karyawan
    • Disediakan oleh sektor publik untuk wiraswasta dan sektor informal
    • Didukung oleh layanan tingkat menengah
    STEPWISE DEVELOPMENT OF THE OHS SYSTEM

    Sebuah stategi bertahap sangat disarankan untuk mengembangkan K3. Setiap


    negara harus melakukan analisis situasi yang berlaku di K3, atas dasar analisis
    semacam itu, strategi nasional dan program aksi perlu disusun. Wilayah geografis
    yang berbeda ataupun sektor ekonomi yang berbeda mungkin memiliki situasi
    yang sangat berbeda dalam pengembangan K3. Industri yang terorganisasi
    dengan baik mungkin akan memiliki layanan yang sangat baik, sedangkan sektor
    informal yang berdekatan atau perusahaan kecil mungkin tidak memiliki layanan
    sama sekali.

    Jadi, semua tergantung dengan situasinya, langkah-langkah pengembangan


    dapat dimulai dari tingkat yang berbeda. Tahap pengembangan K3 dibagi menjadi
    empat langkah, mulai dari yang paling awal dan berlanjut ke tahap K3 yang lebih
    berkembang.
    ODs = Occupational diseases
    PHC = Primary Health Care
    OHS = Occupational Health Services
    SME = Small and Medium-sized Workplace
    SSE = Small Enterprise
    SE = Self-employed
    IFS = Informal Sector

    Figure 1. Stepwise development of occupational health services


    BOHS AS A PART OF AN INTEGRATED OSH INFRASTRUCTURE

    Sistem keseluruhan secara nasional untuk layanan kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja
    menentukan bentuk organisasi sistem infrastruktur BOHS. BOHS merupakan bagian
    interaksi baik secara organisasi atau fungsional. Misalnya, peran administrator
    kesehatan menjadi lebih menonjol apabila layanan kesehatan kerja termasuk ke
    Departemen Kesehatan. Masalah utama bukanlah dari betuknya melainkan
    ketersediaan dan fungsionalitas dari sistemnya sehingga kebutuhan kesehatan dan
    keselamatan pekerja di semua sektor dan setiap tempat kerja ditangani secara
    memadai.
    Infrastruktur BOHS memiliki karakteristik sebagai berikut:
    1. Merupakan bagian dari infrastruktur terpadu untuk kesehatan dan keamanan
    2. Dapat dilakukan oleh beberapa jenis unit layanan
    3. Berkolaborasi dan mengambil dukungan dari perawatan kesehatan primer
    4. Berkolaborasi dengan layanan keselamatan
    5. Di bentuk khusus untuk melayani tempat kerja yang kecil dan kurang terlayani
    ACTIVITIES AND CONTENT OF BOHS

    Siklus BOHS mengikuti model tindakan


    konvensional mulai dari identifikasi kebutuhan ->
    penilaian masalah -> pengelolaan tindakan ->
    evaluasi efek -> revisi dari program. Langkah-
    langkah yang ditunjukkan pada gambar memiliki
    dua sasaran: pekerjaan kegiatan yang
    berorientasi pada lingkungan (di luar siklus aksi)
    atau kegiatan yang berorientasi pada pekerja (di
    dalam siklus aksi), dan seringkali keduanya
    berorientasi secara bersamaan.

    Figure 2. The flow scheme of activities within the framework of


    BOHS
    PROVISION OF BOHS

    As the competence of the frontline BOHS is not sufficient to ensure


    solution of all the problems of practical occupational health and safety,
    the governments should consider organizing the necessary secondary
    level support services which provide specialized analytical,
    measurement and consultation services to BOHS providers, including
    clinical services in occupational medicine, psychological services etc.
    and training in occupationalhygiene for the BOHS personnel, and for
    employers and workers.
    HUMAN RESOURCES FOR BOHS

    The quantitative need for OHS personnel in BOHS is not easy to


    estimate as the structures of constituents and their needs may vary
    widely. An experience-based estimatespeaks for a minimum need of
    one physician and two nurses per 5000 workers with a great variation
    depending on the branch of industry and size of workplaces, as well
    as on their geographical distribution. The public authorities are
    responsible for ensuring that such a resource is available and its
    competence is regularly updated in every country.
    FINANCING

    According to the ILO Convention No. 161 on Occupational Health Services, the
    financial responsibility for the provision of occupational health services rests on
    the employer. As the ability of the SMEs and the self-employed, and particularly
    the informal sector enterprises and workers, to buy external services is poor or
    non-existent, often the only possibility to provide services is the provision of
    BOHS by the public sector, i.e. the primary health care units, public polyclinics
    or by social security organizations. In some countries, special external OHS are
    well developed and the OHS units can provide services through the market
    mechanism to all enterprises and workplaces that wish to get them.
    ACTORS IN THE ORGANIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF BOHS
    The overall responsibility to ensure occupational health services for all working people
    belongs to the Government. In well-organized sectors the employer is responsible for the
    organization and financing of services. The Government's competent authority controls the
    compliance of employers according to national law and practice.

    In addition to the government's competent authority, the following partners can contribute to
    and should be involved in the activity, when appropriate:
    • Government's special agencies in occupational safety and health and in the health sector
    • Provincial and local municipal authorities
    • Social partners, employers' organizations and trade unions
    • Branch organizations and chambers of commerce
    • Associations of agricultural producers and small enterprises
    • Associations of occupational health professionals
    • Safety representatives of local workplaces and communities
    • Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of Industry
    • Universities and other training institutions for training support
    Thank You 

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