Juan de Plasensia

Juan de Plasensia: Las
Costumbres de Los
Indios Tagalogs de
Filipinas
Prepared by:
Libertad, Geve R. “gwapa:
Pet, Jomeo Rose
Ellana, Jachelle
Baron, Patricia
Background of the Author
• Born to the illustrious family of Portacarreros in Plasensia in the region of

Extremadura, Spain in the early 16th century. He was one of the seven children
of Pedro Portacarrero, a captain of a Spanish schooner.
• Juan de Plasensia grew up during the period known as the Siglo de Oro, a
Golden age when arts and literature flourished in many parts of spain, among
them his native Extremadura.
• Fray Joan de Puerto Carrero del Convento de Villanueva de Serena. Was his real
name.
• Fray Joan de Plasensia came
Arrival in the together with the first batch of
franciscan missionaries in the
Philippines philippines.
• Arrival at the port in Cavite, a
few kilometers south of manila
on the 2nd of july 1578.
Purpose Relacion de Las
Costumbres and Instruccion
To put an end to some injustices

being committed against the native
by certain government officials.
• The chronicler, Francis enemies, and so can hardly express the sadness
I feel any time the news of such incidents reach my ears or I myself
am involve; however, if one is to choose between enmity and
friendship and between peace and war, I believe enmity is to be
preferred.
• For considering the kind of person most of the alcaldes mayores are
nowadays, nothing indicates that friendship with them will help the
mission in anyway. On the contrary, it will destroy them. Because, as I
have observed, you can hardly find one it's not blinded and moved by
greediness. Thus destroying his own soul as well as the lives and
possessions of the poor Indians.
References
• OFM Archives PHILIPPINES by Fr. Jose
• "Long" D. Gutay OFM
• (http://ofmphilarchive.tripod.com/id8.html)
• THE PHILIPPINE ISLAND 1493-1898 Volume VII, 1588-1591 (Edited and
Annonated by Emma Helen, Blair and James Alexander Robertson with historical
introduction and additional notes by Edward Gaylord Bourne)
HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND OF THE
DOCUMENT
Social Classes
Datu
 chief captain of wars,
 whom governed, obeyed and
reverenced.
Nobles or
Maharlika
free-born, they didnt pay taxes.

Commoners or
Aliping Namamahay
 They live in their own houses and
their lords of their property and
gold.
Slaves or Aliping
Saguiguilid
 They serve their master in his
house and his cultivated lands and
can be sold.
Houses
Made of wood, bamboo and nipa

palm.
Mode of dressing
( Male)
 head gear is called putong (symbolizes
the number of persons the weaver had
killed).
 (Upper) a jacket with short sleeves called
kanggan
 (Lower) bahag.
Mode of dressing
( Female)
(Upper) Baro or Camisa

(Lower) Saya
Ornaments
A decorative object or details that add
quality or distinction to a persons, place
or a thing.
Government
The unit of government called Barangay

ruled by a chieftain and consist of 30-
100 families together and their relatives
and slaves.
Administration of
Justice
The chieftain's executive function includes
implementing laws ensuring order and giving
protection to his subject.
Disputes between individuals where settled
by a court made up of the chieftain and
council of elders.
Inheritance
The 1st son of the barangay chieftain inherit his
father's position; if the 1st son dies; the 2nd son
succeeds their father, in the absence of male heirs,
it's the eldest daughter that becomes the chieftain.
Slaves
• A person became slave by; • Slaves can be emancipated through
• (1) by captivity bay war. (1) by forgiveness
• (2) by reason of debt. • (2) by paying debt

• (3) by inheritance. • (3) by condo nation, and
• (4) by purchased and, • (4) by bravery ( where a slave can
possibly became a Datu)or by
• (5) committing a crime. marriage.
Marriage Customs
• Men were in general, • Prior to the marriage the man
monogamus; while their wives require to gives a dowry. (1.
are called asawa. bigay kaya). a piece of land or
• Courtship begin with gold. (2. panghihimuyat). a
paninilbihan gifts for the bride parents. (3.
bigay suso). for brides wet
• Marriage between couples nurse.
belonging to different social
classes were not common.
Several Grounds of Divorce
• 1. Adultery,
• 2. Abandonment on the
part of husband,
• 3. Cruelty, and
• 4. Insanity.
Religious Belief
• They worship many gods and • 6. Mandarangan, God of war;
goddess, 7. Lalahon, God of harvest;
• 1. Bathala, supreme being; and
• 2.God of God of agriculture; • 8. Siginarugan, God of hell.
• 3. Sidarap, God of death; • And also believe in scared
• 4. Agni, God of fire; animals and tress.
• ; 5. Balangaw, God of rainbow
Superstitious Beliefs
 Believe in aswang, duwende, kapre, tikbalang,
patyanak/tiyanak.
 They also believe in magical powers of amulet and
charms such as anting-anting, kulam and gayuma or love
potion.
Economic Life
• Agriculture in the • Hunting in the high land.
• Fishing in the river baanks and sea
plane land; planting
• Shipbuilding, weaving, poultry, mining and
of rice, corn, lumbering
banana, sugar canes • Domestic trade of difference barangay by
boat.
and other kinds of
• Foreign trade with countries like Borneo,
vegetable and fruits. China, Japan, Cambodia, Java and Thailand.
Language and System of Writing
 Major languages; Tagalog, Ilocano, Pangasinan,
Pangpangan, Sugbuhanon, Hiligaynon, Magindanaw,
Sumarnon thidms languages is originayed from the
Malayo-Polenisian language.
Language and System of Writing
System of writing the alphabet consist of 3 vowels and 14
consonants called baybayin.
They used tap of trees as ink and pointed stick as pencil.
They wrote on large plant tree or bamboo tubes.
References
History of the Filipino People (Eightn Edition) by Teodoro Agoncillo
The Philippines Islands 1493-1898 Volume VII
1598-1591 (Edited and annonated by Emma Helen Blair and James
Alexander
Roberson with historical introduction and additional notes by
Edward Gaylord Bourne.)

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Juan de Plasensia: Las

• Born to the illustrious family of Portacarreros in Plasensia in the region of

To put an end to some injustices

free-born, they didnt pay taxes.

Made of wood, bamboo and nipa

(Upper) Baro or Camisa

The unit of government called Barangay

• (2) by reason of debt. • (2) by paying debt

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