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    Ancient Civilizations

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    munim
    its a timeline of civilisation and a brief of mesopotamian civilisation as a cradle of civilisations

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Ancient Civilizations

    Uploaded by

    munim
    149 views37 pages
    its a timeline of civilisation and a brief of mesopotamian civilisation as a cradle of civilisations

    Original Title

    ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS

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    its a timeline of civilisation and a brief of mesopotamian civilisation as a cradle of civilisations

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    149 views37 pages

    Ancient Civilizations

    Uploaded by

    munim
    its a timeline of civilisation and a brief of mesopotamian civilisation as a cradle of civilisations

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 37
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    The passage provides an overview of early Mesopotamian civilization including its geography, social structure, political developments, and accomplishments.

    Major accomplishments of Mesopotamian civilization included the development of cuneiform writing, the invention of the wheel, Hammurabi's Code of Laws, and the construction of ziggurats.

    Mesopotamian society was stratified into three main classes - priests and aristocracy at the top, civil servants and scribes in the middle, and ordinary workers and peasants at the bottom. Slavery was also practiced. Women had some rights but could not attend school.

    ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS

    2ND YEAR HISTORY


    B.C Before Christ
    A.D Anno Domini (In The Year Of Loard)
    BRONZE AGE IRON AGE
    STONE AGE

    PREHISTORY PRESENT
    3500B.C 3000B.C 2500B.C 1500B.C 500B.C 0 500A.D 1500A.D 2000A.D

    ANCIENT WORLD MEDIEVAL MODERN


    WORLD WORLD
    CIVILIZATION
    • (Civilization - Civilisation : ‫ تہذیب‬- ‫ )تمدن‬a society in an advanced state
    of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and
    religious organizations).
    Before we begin!!!!!
    FACTORS…

    • Political : Who controls what? What type of government is there?


    Anything to do with laws or war.
    • Economic : What type of economy? How do people make a living?
    • Geography : Where is it? Is the land mountainous? Desert? Oceanic?
    • Social : Religious, intellectual, artistic, culture and traditions
    Four early River Valley Civilizations
    • Mesopotamian Civilization
    - Tigris & Euphrates Rivers
    • Egyptian Civilization
    - Nile River
    • Indian Civilization
    - Indus River
    • Ancient China
    - Huang He (Yellow) River
    Mesopotamia (Fertile Crescent)
    • Mesopotamia means: land between rivers
    Cradle of civlisations
    • Mesopotamia was a very dry area. However, irrigation canals allowed
    agriculture to develop.
    • Cuneiform writing was essential,
    it consisted of signs drawn on clay
    tablets
    Mesopotamia
    A. Government: city-states like independent countries
    B. Accomplishments:
    1. Hammurabi’s Code
    2. The Wheel
    3. Cuneiform
    4. Ziggurats
    C. Religion: polytheism - belief in more than one god
    Theocracy – government by divine authority
    D. Decline: overtaken by new groups/breaks up
    Social Hierarchy

    • Three social classes


    • a. Priests and aristocracy (kings)
    • b. Civil servants: scribes
    • c. Ordinary workers: Craftmens, Merchants and Peasants Slaves:
    were not free citizens Women had more rights than in many later
    civilizations, but not allowed to attend schools (could not read or
    write)
    Ziggurat

    Most prominent building in the city and was dedicated to the chief god
    or goddess
    Economy and Society
    • Mesopotamians were well known for their metal work and woolen
    textiles
    • They traded with other civilizations such as India and Egypt for fish,
    barley, and wheat
    Hanging gardens of Babylon

    Politics
    • First Empire
    • Sargon of Akkad – From Akkad; a city-state north of Sumer – Long adopted
    most Sumerian aspects – Created 1st Empire: brings together several
    peoples, nations, or previously independent states under control of one
    ruler.
    The Akkadian Empire lasted about 200 years, 2350–2150 B.C.
    • Babylonian Empire-They overtook Sumerians around 2000 B.C. And they
    built capital, Babylon, on Euphrates river
    • The empire collapsed after the invasion of the Gutians. Changing climatic
    conditions also contributed to internal rivalries and fragmentation, and the
    empire eventually split into the Assyrian Empire in the north and the
    Babylonian empire in the south.
    Stone Effigy Of Hammurabi
    Hanging gardens of Babylon

    Politics
    • First Empire
    • Sargon of Akkad – From Akkad; a city-state north of Sumer – Long adopted
    most Sumerian aspects – Created 1st Empire: brings together several
    peoples, nations, or previously independent states under control of one
    ruler.
    The Akkadian Empire lasted about 200 years, 2350–2150 B.C.
    • Babylonian Empire-They overtook Sumerians around 2000 B.C. And they
    built capital, Babylon, on Euphrates river
    • The empire collapsed after the invasion of the Gutians. Changing climatic
    conditions also contributed to internal rivalries and fragmentation, and the
    empire eventually split into the Assyrian Empire in the north and the
    Babylonian empire in the south.

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