Chapter 3 History Charlo

Source: Michael Charleston Chua, “Retraction ni Jose Rizal: Mga
Bagong Dokumento at Pananaw,” GMA News Online, published

29 December 2016 .
Most Illustrious Sir, the agent of the Cuerpo de Vigilancia
stationed in Fort Santiago to report on the events during the
[illegible] day in prison of the accused Jose Rizal, informs me on
this date of the following:
At 7:50 yesterday morning, Jose Rizal entered death row

accompanied by his counsel, Señor Taviel de Andrade, and the
Jesuit Priest Vilaclara. At the urgings of the former and moments
after entering, he was served a light breakfast. At approximately
9, the Assistant of the Plaza, Señor maure, asked Rizal if he
wanted anything. He replied that at the moment he only wanted
a prayer book, which was brought to him shortly by Father
March.
Señor Andrade left the death row at 10 and Rizal spoke for a
long while with the Jesuit fathers, March and Vilaclara, regarding
religious matters, it seems. It appears that these two presented him
with a prepared retraction on his life and deeds that he refused to
sign. They argued about the matter until 12:30 when Rizal ate some
poached egg and a little chicken. Afterwards he asked to leave to
write and wrote for a long time by himself.
At 3 in the Afternoon, Father March entered the chapel and

Rizal handed him what he had written. Immediately the chief of the
firing squad, Señor del Fresno and the Assistant of the Plaza, Señor
Maure, were informed. They entered death row and together with
Rizal signed the document that the accused had written.
At 5 this morning of the 30th, the lover of Rizal arrived at
the prison … dressed in mourning. Only the former entered the
chapel, followed by a military chaplain whose name I cannot
ascertain. Donning his formal clothes and aided by a soldier of
the artillery, the nuptials of Rizal and the woman who had been
his lover were performed at the point of death ( in articulo
mortis). After embracing him she left, flooded with tears.
Rizal’s Connection to the Katipunan
- It is undeniable in fact, the precursor of the Katipunan as an
organization is the La Liga Filipina, an organization Rizal
founded, with Bonifacio as one of its member.
- Katipunan is established few days after Rizals’s exile on
July 7 1882.
- 28 members of the leadership of the Katipunan (known as
the Kataas-taasang Sanggunian ng Katipunan) from 1892 tp 1896,
13 were former members of La Iga Filipina, they even used
Rizal’s name as password.
Case Study 4: Where Did the Cry of Rebellion
Happen?
-Momentous events swept the Spanish colonies in the late
nineteenth century, including thePhilippines.
-Journalists of the time referred to the phrase “El Grito de

Rebelion” or “Cry of Rebellion” tomark the start of these
revolutionary events, identifying the places where it happened.
- In the Philippines, the Cry of Rebellion happened in August

1896, northeast of Manila, wherethey declared rebellion against
the Spanish colonial government.
- These events are important markers in the history of
colonies that struggled for theirindependence against
their colonizers.
- Prominent Filipino historian Teodoro Agoncillo

emphasizes the event when Bonifacio tore the cedula or
tax receipt before the Katipuneros who also did the same.
- Some writers identified the first military event with the

Spaniards as the moment of the Cry, forwhich, Emilio
Aguinaldo commissioned a “Himno de Balintawak” to
inspire the renewedstruggle after the Pact of the Biak-na-
Bato failed.
Different Dates and Places of the Cry
Various accounts of the Cry give different dates and places.
1. A guardia civil, Lt. Olegario Diaz identified the Cry to have happened in
Balintawak on August 25, 1896.
2. Teodoro Kalaw, a Filipino historian, marks the place to be in Kangkong,

Balintawak, on the last week of August 1896.
3. Santiago Alvarez, a Katipunero and son of Mariano Alvarez, leader of the

Magdiwangfaction in Cavite, put the Cry in Bahay Toro in Quezon City on
August.
4.Pio Valenzuela, known Katipunero and privy to many events
concerning the Katipunan stated that the Cry happened in Pugad Lawin
on August 23, 1896
5. Gregorio Zaide identified the Cry to have happened in Balintawak on

August 26, 1896, while Teodoro Agoncillo put it at Pugad Lawin on
August 23, 1986, according to Pio Valenzuela.
6. Milagros Guerrero, Emmanuel Encarnacion, and Ramon Villegas

claimed that the event took place in Tandang Sora’s barn in Gulod,
Barangay Banlat, Quezon City, on Augist 24, 1896.
Primary source: Accounts of the Cry
Guillermo Masangkay
Source: Guillermo Masangkay, “Cry of Balintawak"in Gregorio Zaide
and Sonia Zaide, Documentary Sources of Philippines History, Volume 8
( Manila: National Book Store, 1990), 307-309.
- On August 26th a big meeting was held in Balintawak, at the

house of Apolinio Samson that was attended by all the leaders of the
organization.
- The meeting is about the starting of the revolution and as a
sign that they were ready to revolt, they destroyed their cedulas and
declared their severance from the Spaniards.
Pio Valenzuela
Source: Pio Valenzuela, “Cry of Pugad Lawin,” in Gregorio Zaide and Sonia
Zaide, Documentary Sources of Philippines History, Volume 8
( Manila: National Book Store, 1990), 301-302.
- The first five arrive at August 19, and Valenzuela arrived on August
20, 1896 on Balintawak. The first place where some 500 members of the
Katipunan met on August 22, 1896, was the house and yard of Apolonio
Samson at Balintawak.
- It was as Pugad Lawin, the house, store-house, and yard of Juan
Ramos, son of Melchora Aquino where over 1000 members of the Katipunan
met and carried out considerable debate and discusion on august 23, 1896. The
discusion was on whether or not the revolution against the Spanish
government should be started on August 29, 1896. After the tumultuous
meeting, many of those present tore their cedula certificates and shouted “
Long live the Philippines! Long live the Philippines!”
From the eye witness accounts presented, there is
indeed marked disagreement among historical
witnesses as to the place and time of the occurrence of
the cry. Using Primary and Secondary resources, four
places have been identified: Balintawak , Kangkong,
Pugad Lawin, and Bahay Toro, while the dates vary:
23, 24, 25, or 26 August 1896.

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Source: Michael Charleston Chua, “Retraction ni Jose Rizal: Mga

Bagong Dokumento at Pananaw,” GMA News Online, published

At 7:50 yesterday morning, Jose Rizal entered death row

At 3 in the Afternoon, Father March entered the chapel and

-Journalists of the time referred to the phrase “El Grito de

- In the Philippines, the Cry of Rebellion happened in August

- Prominent Filipino historian Teodoro Agoncillo

- Some writers identified the first military event with the

2. Teodoro Kalaw, a Filipino historian, marks the place to be in Kangkong,

3. Santiago Alvarez, a Katipunero and son of Mariano Alvarez, leader of the

5. Gregorio Zaide identified the Cry to have happened in Balintawak on

6. Milagros Guerrero, Emmanuel Encarnacion, and Ramon Villegas

- On August 26th a big meeting was held in Balintawak, at the

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