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CH 01 Introduction To Information Systems

The document discusses information systems including defining systems, the basic functions of systems, defining information systems, information system models and activities, and types of information systems.

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Ikhmal Hamid
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© © All Rights Reserved
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705 views20 pages

CH 01 Introduction To Information Systems

The document discusses information systems including defining systems, the basic functions of systems, defining information systems, information system models and activities, and types of information systems.

Uploaded by

Ikhmal Hamid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INFORMATION SYSTEMS: An Introduction All Rights Reserved

© Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2014 1– 1


CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO
INFORMATION
SYSTEMS

INFORMATION SYSTEMS: An Introduction All Rights Reserved


© Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2014 1– 2
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

 To understand the concept of system


 To apprehend the relationship between system and
information system
 Essentials of information systems
 Information system: A success factor for business

INFORMATION SYSTEMS: An Introduction All Rights Reserved


© Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2014 1– 3
INTRODUCTION

 The definition of system is very wide.


 There are many kinds of systems around us that work
differently.
 In a nutshell, a system is a group of interacting devices,
attributes or components that are put together in order
to accomplish the same target.

INFORMATION SYSTEMS: An Introduction All Rights Reserved


© Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2014 1– 4
BASIC FUNCTIONS OF A SYSTEM

 It is important for us to be clear of how to apply


generic system concept to business firms.
 A system consists of three basic system functions:
– Input
– Process
– Output

INFORMATION SYSTEMS: An Introduction All Rights Reserved


© Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2014 1– 5
BASIC FUNCTIONS OF A SYSTEM
(cont.)

 A system becomes more effective when additional


functions are added into it.
– Feedback
– Control
Self-
regulating

INFORMATION SYSTEMS: An Introduction All Rights Reserved


© Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2014 1– 6
OVERVIEW OF SYSTEMS

Subsystem Subsystem

INTERFACE– Shared boundary


2 3

Subsystem
ENVIRONMENT

1 Control

Input Process Output

Storage
Feedback
Subsystems:
A component of a
Subsystem Subsystem larger system
5 4

INFORMATION SYSTEMS: An Introduction All Rights Reserved


© Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2014 1– 7
CYBERNETIC SYSTEM

 A good example of a cybernetic system is Proton


Inspira’s air conditioning system.
– When the air conditioning is put on ‘Auto’, the system
detects the temperature from outside the car and sets
the temperature within the car accordingly to
overcome the heat generated from outside the car.

INFORMATION SYSTEMS: An Introduction All Rights Reserved


© Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2014 1– 8
WHAT IS INFORMATION SYSTEM?

 A combined collection of people, hardware,


software, communication networks, data resources,
procedures and policies that are able to store,
retrieve, transform and disseminate information
within an organisation.
 Information systems has been used since years
ago. Example:
– Smoke signals as mode of communications
– Diary/journal
– Library card
INFORMATION SYSTEMS: An Introduction All Rights Reserved
© Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2014 1– 9
FUNDAMENTAL ROLES OF
INFORMATION SYSTEM IN
BUSINESSES

 One of the strategies towards achieving competitive


advantage is by adopting information systems
within the organization
 There are 3 useful roles of IS to a business
enterprise:
– To support business processes and operations
– To support decision-making
– To support strategies for competitive advantages

INFORMATION SYSTEMS: An Introduction All Rights Reserved


© Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2014 1– 10
INFORMATION SYSTEMS MODEL

1. Identify an information
system model.
2. Describe in detail the
information system’s
activities.

INFORMATION SYSTEMS: An Introduction All Rights Reserved


© Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2014 1– 11
INFORMATION SYSTEM MODEL
(cont.)

 People
– End-users (such as you and I)
– IS specialists (programmers, system developers)
 Hardware
– Computer systems (tablets, PCs, desktops, etc.)
– Computer peripherals (keyboard, mouse, monitor)

INFORMATION SYSTEMS: An Introduction All Rights Reserved


© Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2014 1– 12
INFORMATION SYSTEM MODEL
(cont.)

 Software
– System software (Miscrosoft Windows 8, Unix)
– Application software (Word processing, Payroll)
 Data (numbers, sounds, image, sentences)
 Network
– Communication media (twisted pair, fibre optic and
coaxial)
– Network infrastructure (modem, inter-network
processor)

INFORMATION SYSTEMS: An Introduction All Rights Reserved


© Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2014 1– 13
INFORMATION SYSTEM ACTIVITIES

 Input (any raw or unprocessed data)


 Process (unprocessed data  information)
 Output (meaningful processed data/information)
 Storage (place to keep/retrieve information)
 Feedback (response on the performance of a
system)
 Control (monitoring and evaluating feedbacks
received from a system)

INFORMATION SYSTEMS: An Introduction All Rights Reserved


© Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2014 1– 14
TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS

INFORMATION SYSTEMS: An Introduction All Rights Reserved


© Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2014 1– 15
HOW TO CLASSIFY INFORMATION
SYSTEM

 Operational support systems


– Used as a platform to process data generated and
used by business operations
– Main roles of operational support systems
• Process business transactions
• Control industrial processes
• Provide support in terms of enterprise
communications and collaborations
• Update database from time to time

INFORMATION SYSTEMS: An Introduction All Rights Reserved


© Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2014 1– 16
HOW TO CLASSIFY INFORMATION
SYSTEM (cont.)

 Management support systems


– Used as a platform to provide information and support
to managers in their daily decision-making

INFORMATION SYSTEMS: An Introduction All Rights Reserved


© Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2014 1– 17
OTHER CLASSIFICATIONS OF
INFORMATION SYSTEM

 Functional enterprise systems


– Accounting information systems
– Human resource information systems
– Manufacturing information systems
– Financial information systems

INFORMATION SYSTEMS: An Introduction All Rights Reserved


© Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2014 1– 18
OTHER CLASSIFICATIONS
INFORMATION SYSTEM (cont.)

 Cross-functional enterprise systems


– Enterprise resource planning
– Customer relationship management
– Supply chain management
– Financial information systems

INFORMATION SYSTEMS: An Introduction All Rights Reserved


© Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2014 1– 19
SUMMARY

 Definition of system
 Basic functions of system
 What is information system?
 Information system model
 Information system activities
 Types of information system

INFORMATION SYSTEMS: An Introduction All Rights Reserved


© Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2014 1– 20

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