Training Aids VICT

TRAINING AIDS
HOW TO MAKE AND USE THEM

WHY USE TRAINING AIDS?
O The trainer who shows a chart or
illustration without any
explanation, or who shows slides,
videos or films without preparing
the trainees to receive them, is
guilty of not doing his or her job
CLASSIFICATION OF
INSTRUCTIONAL AIDS
OProjective
O · Motion pictures
· Videos
· Colour slides
· Overhead projector transparencies
· Computer pallet
CLASSIFICATION OF
INSTRUCTIONAL AIDS
O Non-projective
O · Chalkboard
· Whiteboard
· Charts and diagrams
· Models
· Exhibits
· Handouts
· Tape recorde
SELECTION OF AIDS
1. Practicability 6. Portability
2. Attractiveness 7. Serviceability
and interest; 8. Availability
vividness 9. Location
3. Suitability
10.Preparation &
presentation
4. Complexity
11. Time factor
5. Clarity
PRINCIPLES ADOPTING A VISUAL
APPROACH
O · Anything that can be quantified or is factual
can be presented visually· Obtain and select the
necessary data; confusing data and confusing
information will result in confusing visuals
O · Know clearly what you want to say in your
visuals; write it down
O · Plan your visuals; know what you want to
include (Sketch an outline of ideas you think will
work.)
O · Try the visuals out on others before you use
them
Tips to ensure the trainees
do not go to sleep during
presentation of your visuals
TIPS….
O Make your visuals visible
O Ensure that the trainees can see them
O Use colour for headings
O Take care with drawings; they can be
misinterpreted
O · Make them simple; eliminate details
O · Ensure the key feature occupies a prominent part
of the screen or display
O · Minimize reflection
O · Show all the key points
REMEMBER……
O Whatever instructional aid(s) you choose to use as
a trainer, it is important to remember
PRACTICE
PRACTICE
PRACTICE
Preparation
O · Plan carefully the use
of instructional aids
· Make sure that the
aids can be seen
clearly from all areas
of the room
· If you write, write
clearly
· Use colour for
emphasis
CHARTS AND DIAGRAMS
Bold and simple
O · Be large enough to be seen by all

· Not necessarily be self-explanatory
· Be functionally coloured
· Include only the essentials
CHARTS AND DIAGRAMS
Detailed
• Be more or less self-explanatory

• Be of medium or small size
• Be suitable for semi-permanent display
• Be artistically produced
HANDOUTS
• For reference purposes during the

session or course
• To substitute for note taking
• To retain as a permanent record for
reference after the course
A hand out can……
• Introduce a topic
• Provide revision
• Provoke discussion
Hand outs should..
• Be brief and sharp/containing only essential details
• Be accurate and complete
• Be designed clearly and attractively, with good use
of white space
• Include diagrams if appropriate
• Always have a title
• Be planned
• Be of a standard size
• Be presented in a logical sequence
• Be pitched at a level appropriate to the audience
Why use handouts?
• They carry the stamp of authority
• They provide a record of important information
• They supply data to reflect the presentation
• They can provide background documentation
(longer and more comprehensive)
• They can be studied at the reader’s own pace
• They convey with certainty the same data to a
number of people
• They appeal to the sense of sight
When should hand outs be
distributed?
• Before the presentation

• During the presentation
• At the end
OVERHEAD
TRANSPARENCIES
Design of overhead
transparencies
• Keep them simple
• Include only essentials
• Make sure lettering is of sufficient height
(>5 mm)
• Use colour on colourless film or contrasting
colours on coloured film
• Do not clutter (no more than seven principle
points to a transparency)
• Illustrations can be useful
Using the overhead projector
• Make sure the projector is placed so that all

can see
• Focus correctly
• Use masking technique: cover part of the
transparency so only the material you are
discussing is shown
THE COMPUTER PALLET
O The computer pallet is a device that

replaces the computer screen. It is
placed on top of an overhead
projector, allowing the instructor to
project material that has been
prepared and stored on a computer
disk.
COMPUTER PALLET
COLOUR SLIDES
O Main features
• Slides are relatively inexpensive to procure

• They are easily used
• They facilitate study of a topic one step at a time
• All trainees get the same clear view
• Each frame can be studied and discussed at
leisure during the screening
• They can be used in conjunction with a tape-
recorder (tape/slide sequence)
How to use slides effectively
• Do not treat as entertainment
• Select slides that are relevant
• Plan your presentation
• Include an introduction and
conclusion
• Do not prolong the presentation
• Ensure the equipment is sound and
well set up before the presentation
VIDEOS
• Make sure videos are directly related to
the subject; do not use them merely for
entertainment or to give yourself a
rest· Make sure all trainees can see the
monitor
• The video should be introduced; trainees
should be told what it is about and what
they should look for
• Review the video in a discussion after
screening
VIDEO CAMERAS
RECOMMENDATIONS
FOR AN EFFECTIVE
PRESENTATION
EFFECTIVE PRESENTATION…
O · Allow ample time for preparation: sufficient
time to plan and construct and sufficient time
to rehearse· Make a file copy of your visuals
O · Check on your worst seats, those on the
extreme right and left
O · Mount screen high enough for all to see
O · Remove competing attractions; competition
will reduce impact of your visuals
O · Check all arrangements before you go on,
even if it means going without your breakfast,
lunch or dinner; make sure you have done
everything possible for a smooth presentation
EFFECTIVE PRESENTATION…..
O · Maintain constant contact with your audience;
know your visuals well enough that you do not
have to break your commentary to check points
O · Time your visuals to coincide with your comments;
mistiming is distracting
O · Make your presentation straightforward; be
sincere and win the confidence of your audience
O · Keep your visuals moving; parallel the flow of your
words with the flow of visuals
O · Use only the required number of words; avoid
excessive wordage
EFFECTIVE PRESENTATION
O · Use only well-trained assistants who know the

visuals as well as you do
O · Keep your visuals; they may be needed again
Capt R Premkumar

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TRAINING AIDS

HOW TO MAKE AND USE THEM

Bold and simple

O · Be large enough to be seen by all

• Be more or less self-explanatory

• For reference purposes during the

• Before the presentation

• Make sure the projector is placed so that all

O The computer pallet is a device that

• Slides are relatively inexpensive to procure

O · Use only well-trained assistants who know the

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