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    Patriot Missile Failure 1 .1161059184

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    Shivani Sharma
    The Patriot missile defense system failed to intercept an incoming Iraqi Scud missile in February 1991, killing 28 soldiers at a U.S. Army barracks in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. An investigation found that a rounding error in the Patriot's software caused it to incorrectly calculate the Scud's trajectory, placing it outside the missile's engagement range. Specifically, the Patriot system represented time in tenths of seconds using a 24-bit fixed-point register, truncating the binary expression of 1/10 and introducing position errors when multiplying time by velocity. This caused the system to underestimate the Scud's actual position by over half a kilometer.

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    Patriot Missile Failure 1 .1161059184

    Uploaded by

    Shivani Sharma
    42 views15 pages
    The Patriot missile defense system failed to intercept an incoming Iraqi Scud missile in February 1991, killing 28 soldiers at a U.S. Army barracks in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. An investigation found that a rounding error in the Patriot's software caused it to incorrectly calculate the Scud's trajectory, placing it outside the missile's engagement range. Specifically, the Patriot system represented time in tenths of seconds using a 24-bit fixed-point register, truncating the binary expression of 1/10 and introducing position errors when multiplying time by velocity. This caused the system to underestimate the Scud's actual position by over half a kilometer.

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    Patriot Missile System Failure is a software Failure.

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    patriot_missile_failure_1_.1161059184

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    The Patriot missile defense system failed to intercept an incoming Iraqi Scud missile in February 1991, killing 28 soldiers at a U.S. Army barracks in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. An investigation found that a rounding error in the Patriot's software caused it to incorrectly calculate the Scud's trajectory, placing it outside the missile's engagement range. Specifically, the Patriot system represented time in tenths of seconds using a 24-bit fixed-point register, truncating the binary expression of 1/10 and introducing position errors when multiplying time by velocity. This caused the system to underestimate the Scud's actual position by over half a kilometer.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    42 views15 pages

    Patriot Missile Failure 1 .1161059184

    Uploaded by

    Shivani Sharma
    The Patriot missile defense system failed to intercept an incoming Iraqi Scud missile in February 1991, killing 28 soldiers at a U.S. Army barracks in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. An investigation found that a rounding error in the Patriot's software caused it to incorrectly calculate the Scud's trajectory, placing it outside the missile's engagement range. Specifically, the Patriot system represented time in tenths of seconds using a 24-bit fixed-point register, truncating the binary expression of 1/10 and introducing position errors when multiplying time by velocity. This caused the system to underestimate the Scud's actual position by over half a kilometer.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    Patriot Missile Failure

    KRISHNA SUMAN KADIYALA


    EE 585 : FAULT TOLERANT COMPUTING
    Background
    Patriot missile air defense system
     Long-range, all-altitude, all-weather air
    defense system
     To counter tactical ballistic missiles, cruise
    missiles and advanced aircraft.
    Scud missiles
     Series of tactical ballistic missiles developed
    by the Soviet Union during the Cold War
    Krishna Suman Kadiyala EE 585 : A case study 2
    Patriot missile defense system

    Krishna Suman Kadiyala EE 585 : A case study 3


    More pictures of the Patriot

    Krishna Suman Kadiyala EE 585 : A case study 4


    Specifications - Patriot Missile Air
    Defense System, USA
     Missile body length 520 centimeters
     Missile body diameter 40 centimeters
     Fins four delta shaped fins
     Fin diameter 85 centimeters
     Warhead high explosive
     Guidance track-via-missile (TVM)
     Propulsion single stage solid fuel rocket motor
     Range 70 kilometers
     Maximum altitude>24 kilometers
     Time of flight minimum nine seconds maximum < three and a
    half minutes

    Krishna Suman Kadiyala EE 585 : A case study 5


    Scud Missile

    Krishna Suman Kadiyala EE 585 : A case study 6


    SCUDS
     Scud B Al Hussein Al Abbas
    Length (ft.) 36.8 41 47.6
    Warhead Wt 2,200 1,100 308-550
    (lbs.)
    Max Range 186 373+ 500-560
    (mi.)
    Diameter (in) 35 35 35
    Accuracy(mi) 0.62 1-2 1.9-3.1
    Krishna Suman Kadiyala EE 585 : A case study 7
    What happened?
     February 25, 1991
     Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
     The Gulf War
     Operation Desert Storm
     American Patriot Missile battery failed to intercept
    an incoming Iraqi Scud missile.
     The Scud struck an American Army barracks killing
    28 soldiers and injuring more than ninety.

    Krishna Suman Kadiyala EE 585 : A case study 8


    Technical details
     To predict where the Scud will next appear,
    both time and velocity must be expressed as
    real numbers.
     The time in tenths of second as measured by
    the system's internal clock was multiplied by
    1/10 to produce the time in seconds.
     24 bit fixed point register.

    Krishna Suman Kadiyala EE 585 : A case study 9


    Technical Details
     1/10 has a non-terminating binary expansion
    and is chopped at 24 bits after the radix point.
     Small chopping error x large number
    =Significant error
     The incoming Scud was outside the "range
    gate" that the Patriot tracked.

    Krishna Suman Kadiyala EE 585 : A case study 10


    Calculation of error
     The binary expansion of 1/10 is
    0.0001100110011001100110011001100…….
     The 24 bit register in the Patriot stored
    0.00011001100110011001100
     Error introduced is
    0.0000000000000000000000011001100...

    Krishna Suman Kadiyala EE 585 : A case study 11


    More Calculations
     Time for which it was running is 100 hours.
     Multiplying by the number of tenths of a
    second in 100 hours gives
    0.000000095×100×60×60×10=0.34 seconds
     Speed of the Scud missile = 1,676 Meters/sec
     Distance traveled during the time = 0.5 Km

    Krishna Suman Kadiyala EE 585 : A case study 12


    Who is responsible?
     Raytheon (the Patriot's designer)
     Army
     Operators and many other factors…….

    Krishna Suman Kadiyala EE 585 : A case study 13


    Lessons to be learned
     Testing in computer-controlled systems must
    be very robust.
     Special care must be taken when redesigning
    a system for a new use--when the uses seem
    very similar.
     Communication among the designers,
    programmers, and operators of a safety-
    critical system is imperative.
    Krishna Suman Kadiyala EE 585 : A case study 14
    References
     http://www.ima.umn.edu/~arnold/disasters/patri
    ot.html
     GAO report
     http://shelley.toich.net/projects/CS201/patriot.ht
    ml

    Krishna Suman Kadiyala EE 585 : A case study 15

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