Scribd
Upload
1K views11 pages

M10 Rational Root Theorem

This document discusses the rational root theorem and applying it to solve polynomial equations. It provides examples of: - Using the rational root theorem to determine possible rational roots of a polynomial equation. - Using synthetic division to test if possible roots are actual roots. - Writing the polynomial in factored form based on its real roots. - Setting up and solving polynomial equations to model word problems.

Uploaded by

regor velasco
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
1K views11 pages

M10 Rational Root Theorem

This document discusses the rational root theorem and applying it to solve polynomial equations. It provides examples of: - Using the rational root theorem to determine possible rational roots of a polynomial equation. - Using synthetic division to test if possible roots are actual roots. - Writing the polynomial in factored form based on its real roots. - Setting up and solving polynomial equations to model word problems.

Uploaded by

regor velasco
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

Polynomial

Equations

Rational Root Theorem


Rational Root Theorem
Let 𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑛−1 + 𝑎𝑛−2 𝑥 𝑛−2 + ⋯ + 𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑎0 = 0 be a
𝑝
polynomial equation of degree n. If 𝑞 , in lowest terms, is a rational
root of the equation, then p is a factor of 𝑎0 and q is a factor of 𝑎𝑛 .
Applying the Rational Root Theorem

Study the guided solution to the given polynomial equations. Fill in the
blanks with appropriate words, numbers, or symbols to complete the
solution.

A. Solve 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 − 12 = 0,
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑤𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑦𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚.

Solution:

The equation has at most ______


3 real roots. The leading coefficient is
1 and its factors are _________and
_____, 1 -1
_________. The constant term is
-12 ______,
12 ______,
-12 and its factors are _____,
______, 6 -6
______, 4
______, -4
______,
3
______, -3 ______,
______, 2 -2
_______, 1
_______, -1
and _______. The possible roots
12 ±_____,
of the equation are ±_____, 6 ±______,
4 3 ±______
±______, 1
2 and ±______.
To test if 1 is a root of the given equation, use synthetic division.

1 1 1 -12 -12

1 2 -10
1 2 -10 -22

not a root of the equation.


Since the remainder is – 22, therefore 1 is ____________

To test if -1 is a root of the given equation, use synthetic division.

-1 1 1 -12 -12

-1 0 12
1 0 -12 0

a root
Since the remainder is 0, therefore -1 is ____________ of the equation.
𝑥 3 +𝑥 2 −12𝑥−12
Hence, = 𝑥 2 − 12.
𝑥+1
To find the other roots, we can use the quadratic formula by solving
𝑥 2 − 12 = 0.

−𝑏 ± 𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎
−0 ± 02 − 4(1)(−12)
𝑥=
2(1)

−0 ± 48 The other roots are 2 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 2 3.


𝑥=
2
−0 ± 16 ∙ 3
𝑥=
2
±4 3
𝑥=
2
𝑥 = ±2 3
Therefore, the real roots of the polynomial equation
𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 − 12 = 0 are −1, 2 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 2 3.

The factored form of 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 − 12 = 0 is 𝑥 + 1 𝑥 − 2 3 𝑥 + 2 3 .

B. Now, try to solve the equation given below on your own.

𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 11𝑥 − 6 = 0
What to Process
By inspection, determine the number of real roots of each
polynomial equation. Roots of multiplicity n are counted n times.

1. 𝑥 − 4 𝑥 + 3 2 𝑥−1 3 =0 6 real roots

2. 𝑥 2 𝑥 3 − 1 = 0 2 real roots

3. 𝑥 𝑥 + 3 𝑥 − 6 2 = 0 4 real roots

4. 3𝑥 𝑥 3 − 1 2 = 0 3 real roots

5. 𝑥 3 − 8 𝑥 4 + 1 = 0 1 real roots
Find all real roots of the following equations. Next, write each
polynomial on the left side of the equation in factored form. Show
your complete solutions.

1. 𝑥 3 − 10𝑥 2 + 32𝑥 − 32 = 0

2. 3𝑥 3 −19𝑥 2 + 33𝑥 − 9 = 0

3. 𝑥 4 − 5𝑥 2 + 4 = 0
What to reflect on and understand

Testing your knowledge on Polynomial Equations

Write TRUE if the statement is true. Otherwise, modify the underlined


word/s to make it true.

1. The roots of a polynomial equation in x are the values that satisfy


the equation. True

2. Every polynomial equation of degree n has n – 1 real roots.


at most n
3. The equation 2𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 1 = 0 has no rational root.
True
4. The possible roots of 3𝑥 5 − 𝑥 4 + 6𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 − 5 = 0 are
3 𝟏 𝟓
± 5 , ±3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ± 5. ± , ± , ±𝟏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 ± 𝟓,
𝟑 𝟑
5. The only rational of the equation 𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 3 = 0 𝑖𝑠 3.
-3
Creating Polynomial Equations

For each item below, give a polynomial equation with integer


coefficients that has the following roots.

1) – 1, 3, −6

2) ±2, ±7

3) 0, - 4, -5, ±1

3
4) ±2, 3, 5

1 2
5) ±2, − 3 , 7 , 3
Assignment

Modeling through Polynomial Equation

Set up a polynomial equation that models each problem below. Then


solve the equation, and state the answer to each problem.

1. One dimension of a cube is increased by 1 inch to form a


rectangular block. Suppose that the volume of the new block is
150 cubic inches. Find the length of an edge of the original cube.

2. The diagonal of a rectangle is 8m longer than its shorter side. If the


area of the rectangle is 60 square meter, find its dimensions.

You might also like