PROPERTIES OF A
WELL-WRITTEN
TEXT
ENGLISH 9
ORGANIZATION
Organization in writing means that the writer must consciously arrange
and classify ideas in order to achieve logical order and clarity in writing.
Organization entails that the ideas in writing must be interconnected
with one another.The logical order of ideas in writing is highlighted in
organization.
It begins with the writer thinking of general subjects and turning them
into narrowed down topics.
DEDUCTIVE VS INDUCTIVE
Deductive way of organizing ideas for writing
starts with the general idea branching out to the
specific details.
Inductive way of organizing ideas for writing means
the writer must start with the particular ideas
leading to the general idea.
COHESION WITHOUT
COHERENCE
A text with cohesion has a central concept or
“glue” that holds all the different ideas
together. Although without coherence, there is no
apparent logic to the way these ideas are presented.
The writer appears to move on to another related idea
without a proper transition from the previous idea.
EXAMPLE:
Cubism is an avant-garde art movement that started in
the early 20th century in Europe. A famous Filipino
cubist painter is Vicente Manansala. He is a National
Artist of the Philippines in Visual Arts. Did you know that
visual arts have different forms including architecture,
video, and textile?
COHERENCE WITHOUT COHESION
A text with coherence has ideas that are
logically sequenced in a way that is easy to
follow for the reader. Although without
cohesion, no central concept links all these ideas
together. The main point of the text remains
unclear for readers.
COHERENCE WITHOUT
COHESION
A text with coherence has ideas that are
logically sequenced in a way that is easy to
follow for the reader. Although without
cohesion, no central concept links all these ideas
together. The main point of the text remains
unclear for readers.
My favorite painting is “The Weeping Woman” by Pablo
Picasso, which is an intriguing painting that symbolizes
suffering. As a result, I love bright primary colors, so I
wear a lot of shocking yellows, blues, and reds. Also, as an
outgoing person, I enjoy performing for large crowds. In
the end, people should not judge an artist’s talent based
on one standard.
COHESION AND COHERENCE
A text with both cohesion and coherence has
a central concept linking all the ideas in the
text, and these ideas are presented in a
logical manner. The main point is clear, and the
text is easy to follow and understand.
EXAMPLE:
International Women’s Day is celebrated on the 8th of
March of every year. It began as a Socialist political
event in several Western countries. Then, other
countries also started celebrating the holiday just as a
way to express their love for women. Currently, the
United Nations observes the holiday as a way to bring
to light women’s issues around the world.
TRANSITIONAL DEVICES
In writing, clear connection
between ideas is a must.
Transitional devices can help
you to achieve this.
TO ADD SIMILAR OR RELATED INFORMATION
And, in addition, furthermore, not
only…but also, additionally, likewise, also,
equally, moreover, similarly, together with,
as well as
TO CONTRAST OR SHOW DIFFERENCE
But, yet, however, nevertheless, unlike, in
contrast, conversely, on the other hand, on
the contrary, despite, in spite of, although,
even though, while
TO COMPARE OR SHOW SIMILARITY
similarly
TO PROVIDE CHOICES – OR, NOR
TO SHOW TIME AND SEQUENCE
Before, earlier, after, afterward, next, later, now,
at first, meanwhile, eventually, during,
previously, fist (second, etc) finally, soon
TO SHOW EMPHASIS
Definitely, certainly, absolutely, undeniably,
extremely, obviously, accordingly, indeed, in
fact, in any case, without a doubt
TO SHOW EXAMPLE
For instance, for example, namely, such
as, in particular, in this case, in another
case, on this occasion, a case in point,
take the case of, to illustrate, as an
illustration
TO SHOW CAUSE OR EFFECT
Because, so, thus,
therefore, as a result, for
this reason, consequently
LANGUAGE USE
SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
Synonyms – words that are similar in
meaning
Antonyms – words that are opposite
in meaning
DICTION
Choice of words
Colloquial words – words used in informal communication
like the words used in street or in casual conversation
Archaic words – old and obsolete words, exist in a
particular period
Jargon/technical words – used in particular groups of
people or in a particular profession
Gardyloo – Derived from the French shout of “garde à l’eau” (Beware of the
water!)
Puissant – Meaning powerful or mighty. Commonly used to describe nobles of
the French or English aristocracy. Should you meet the Queen feel free to slip
it into your chat.
Sweven – A vision or a dream.
Pismire – An ant. This word comes from a joining of the words piss and myre.
Ambodexter – One able to play with either hand
WRITING MECHANICS
Refers to spelling, grammar,
punctuation, indention, capitalization,
and the like
ANAPHORIC AND CATAPHORIC
REFERENCES
Anaphoric reference is reference something that has
already been mentioned in the text or speech.
An example of this refers to the use of pronouns which
refers to a previously mentioned noun.
Buddhists do not worship any god. They do not
worship Buddha but perceive him as someone who has
attained what they are also striving to attain – Nirvana.
They follow a set of principles to become more self-
disciplines and live their lives the ay Buddha did.
Buddhists do not worship any god. They do not worship Buddha but
perceive him as someone who has attained what they are also
striving to attain – Nirvana. They follow a set of principles to
become more self-disciplines and live their lives the ay Buddha did.
They are self-disciplines and practice dedicated meditation. These people
are known as Buddhists.
Cataphoric reference is reference to ideas or
elements introduced later in the text or speech.
Examples:
They are self-disciplines and practice dedicated
meditation.These people are known as Buddhists.
When she arrived with her playmates, Anna have her
mom a hug.
For many years, East German people
devised 1creative ways to sneak out of East
Germany. Some people dug tunnels; 2 others tried
crashing through checkpoints with cars, trucks, or
busses; 3still others flew out in small airplanes or
balloons. One woman tied herself to the bottom of a
car and passed through a checkpoint unnoticed. And
one family sewed fake Russian uniforms
for 4themselves; then, they pretended to be Russian
soldiers and simply drove through a checkpoint. Some
desperate people tried scrambling over a barbed-wire
fence or a wall. 5These people were often shot.
EXERCISE!!!
On 21 December 1972, 6the Basic Treaty was signed by East and
West Germany, and relations between 7the two countries started
to improve. During the next two decades, they began to cooperate
with 8each other by sharing cultural and
commercial 9activities such as arts exchange programs and joint
business ventures. However, East Germans were still dissatisfied,
for 10their living standard was lower than 11that of West
Germany. 12Their industries produced inferior goods, and 13their
country was polluted from inferior mining methods and careless
industrial waste.
