Profibus DP

What are the main types of ‘Device Networks’
High Speed Ethernet (HSE)

Process Control
& Diagnostics
Fieldbus
Profibus PA
Devicebus CAN
Variables
DeviceNet
Process
SDS
LonWorks
Interbus S
P-Net
Sensorbus
Logic Control
WorldFIP
Profibus DP & FMS
AS-i
Seriplex
FIP I/O
Bit Byte Block

Simple Devices Intelligent Devices
Profibus DP
 Definition & Key Points
 Communication Technology
 Device Database Files
 Configuration & Diagnostics
 Physical Layer
 “Gotchas”
 Compare/Contrast
Definition and Key Points
 Profibus DP...
– An all digital, serial, two-way communication system that
interconnects measurement and control devices
– Essentially a communications protocol that provides an interface
between discrete/analog devices and automation system
– Profibus technology is developed and administrated by the
Profibus User Organization
 Profibus uses Device Data Base Files (GSD/GSE files)

which provides the characteristics of a device type.
History
 Profibus DP is one of a family of protocols which was developed in
Germany principally by Siemens and 20 other companies and
universities
 Later made part of an European Fieldbus specification (EN 50 170).
 The technology is controlled by the Profibus User Organization, an
organization consisting of approximately 1,000 member companies in
23 regional Profibus User Organizations united under the umbrella
organization Profibus International.
 Beginnings
– Established November 1989
– Approximately 1,000 member companies
– The objective was the realization and popularization of the usage
of a bit-serial Fieldbus
Where can I get more Information?
Go to the Profibus Web Site
http://www.profibus.com/
Go to the Profibus
Technical Description
Document
Good Profibus DP Applications
 Motor Starters
 Variable Speed Drives

(Frequency Converters)
 Weigh scale Interface
 Discrete Valve control
 Zone 1 Mounted I/O

Where Profibus DP does NOT go
 Auto-sensing of devices
 Power and communication on same cable

 Customer is concerned about redundancy
– No redundancy per specification
– Some Vendor specific Implementations
Profibus DP
 Benefits
– Lower cost I/O in Blocks of In / Out versus traditional I/O
– Meets Most Discrete needs
– Support for Starters & Drives
– Long Distances
 Limitations
– Direct Sensor support is more expensive
– Need to support Device information in Host either via re-
programming or managing profiles etc.
Profibus DP
 Physical Layer
 “Gotchas”
Communication Technology
Simplified Profibus Communication Model
User Layer - DP-Functions

7
- Medium Access Control (MAC)

- Execution period and
Communication Stack
time interval
Profibus Data Link Layer “Fieldbus Data Link”
- Cyclic, real-time
2 - Data Security
Physical Layer - RS-485

1
Profibus
Master / Slave Communications
 3 Types of Profibus DP Devices:
– DP Master Class 1 (DPM1) [address 1]
• Controls cyclic communications with configured slaves
• Can configure device parameters made available via the GSD file
– DP Master Class 2 (DPM2)
• Supervisory master
• Communicates to Class 1 masters, their slaves and it’s own slaves
• For configuration, diagnostic and data/parameter exchange purpose
– Slave [address 2-125]
• Peripheral device - VSDs, Pneumatic Valve Island, I/O, Motor Starter
• Can support both process input and output data
• Can be either compact or modular (I/O added on to a device)
• Address assigned by user and must match hardware address
Master / Slave Communications
Class 1 master Class 1 master
Class 2 master
DP Physical
Network
Class 1 Master full data exchange only with it’s own slaves
Class 2 Master supervisory communications to all slaves
Data Transfer
 Parameters and configuration checked before
data transfer occurs
– Device type, format & length information, and number
of inputs and outputs must agree between master and
slave
 Cyclic Data Transmission between DPM1 and
slaves
– Executed automatically in a defined, recurring order
 Maximum 246 bytes of data transferred between
master and slave
Profibus DP
 Physical Layer
 “Gotchas”
Device Database Files (GSD)
 Specifies performance characteristics of different
devices
 File created by device vendor
Configuration
Host
Device Database Files (GSD files)

Device Database Files (GSD)
 The device data base file is divided into three
parts:
– General Specifications - Info on vendor, device
name, hardware and software release states, baud
rates supported, possible time intervals for
monitoring, signal assignment on the bus
– DP master-related specifications — not used for
slave devices
– DP slave-related specifications — Number and type
of I/O channels, specs on diagnostic texts, and info on
available modules for the slave if applicable
Profibus DP
 Physical Layer
 “Gotchas”
Device Addressing
 Varies with device/vendor
– Proprietary software
– Dip switches
 Unable to send from host

Configuration (SIMOCODE)
Profibus Diagnostics
 Bus Monitor Available
– Errors such as double station addresses, short
circuits, twisted wires or wrong bus terminating
resistors can be identified due to their characteristic
fault features.
 DP device can automatically report a problem to
the DP master.
– Special diagnostic message is defined which can be
sent by a slave or requested by a master.
Profibus DP
 Physical Layer
 “Gotchas”
Topology
 Bus must be terminated at the beginning and end of the
segment
 One segment has a maximum of 32 stations
– Repeaters do not have a station address
– Repeaters count towards the max. number of stations on a
segment
Termination Termination Termination

Repeater
Master:
Address 1
2 3 30 31
Termination
62 61 33 32
Cable Requirements
 Shielded, twisted pair cable
– RS 485 transmission
 Communications and power separate

 Two terminators
– One at each end of segment
What Are The Data Rates / Distances
Baud Rate 9.6k 19.2k 93.75K 187.5k
Distance 1200m 1200m 1200m 1000m
Baud Rate 500k 1.5M 3M 6M 12M

Distance 400m 200m 100m 100m 100m
For 1.5M - Max. 6.6m Spurs

On Segment
At 12M No Spurs Allowed!!

Due to Capacitive Load
Cable Connector Terminators
Profibus
T T
Interface
Slave
device
Off On
Terminator in Cable Connector can be switched ON and OFF depending

on if it is used at the end of the segment
Profibus DP
 Physical Layer
 “Gotchas”
“Gotchas”
 Unable to send addressing from host
 Watch for double addresses
 Unable to autosense
 Select the correct GSD (device description) file for
the particular device
 Make sure the segment length is according to the
chosen transmission rate
 Be sure to ground all slave devices
in the field
Profibus DP
 Physical Layer
 “Gotchas”
Profibus DP vs. Traditional I/O
 Device-level diagnostics
 One segment cable for multiple devices
 Less wiring per device e.g. Motor Starter, Variable
Speed Drive
Variable Speed Drive Traditional Profibus DP
Start / Stop
Five One
Feedback
Pairs Pair
Speed Set Point
of of
Speed Feedback
Wire Wire
Status
Diagnostics N/A Device-Level
Compare & Contrast with DeviceNet
 Profibus Pros
– Long distance
– Less sensitive to power, grounding, polarity, and
resistance considerations
 Profibus Cons
– No auto-sensing, plan extra time for commissioning
– Power & communications on separate cables
Questions?
 What type of power is required on Profibus DP?
 What is the maximum segment length?
 How many devices per segment?
 How many terminators are required?
 What are some benefits to Profibus DP?
 What are some good Profibus DP applications?
 Where does Profibus DP not go?
Build the Segment
Demo
Customer Case Study
What Do our customers Say ?
“We decided to use the latest generation
automation solution - DeltaV & I/O bus
technology on our new project. Using
Profibus DP in our motor control center
reduced our wiring from an entire cable
tray to just one purple wire. We had
significant labor, configuration, and
commissioning savings as a direct result of
our decision to use this bus technology,"
Tom Shaw, Automation Manager

Cargill, Eddyville.
Profibus DP User Case
 Cargill
– Needed to Upgrade Vitamin E Evaporation Process
• Vitamin E Area Classified as Class I, Div I
• HART/Analog I/O on DCS, Traditional Discrete I/O on PLCs
• Wanted to Take Advantage of Intelligent Devices and Lower
Implementation Cost and Ongoing Costs of Bus Technologies
– Looked at Available Bus Technologies

• Added Profibus DP and FOUNDATION Fieldbus
– DVD Case Study

Profibus DP User Case
 Cargill
– Cited Customer’s Benefits
• Integrated Automation Environment, Busses in One System
• Reduced Engineering Cost
• Reduced Wiring, Panel Space, and Commissioning Costs
• Reduced Control Room Space
• Smooth Technology Transfer from DCS and PLC
• Better Operating Information Available from Smart Devices
• Reduced Operator Training
• Embedded Advanced Control
• Open Business System Integration

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What are the main types of ‘Device Networks’

High Speed Ethernet (HSE)

Bit Byte Block

 Profibus uses Device Data Base Files (GSD/GSE files)

 Variable Speed Drives

 Weigh scale Interface

 Discrete Valve control

 Zone 1 Mounted I/O

 Power and communication on same cable

Simplified Profibus Communication Model

User Layer - DP-Functions

- Medium Access Control (MAC)

Physical Layer - RS-485

Device Database Files (GSD files)

 Unable to send from host

Termination Termination Termination

 Communications and power separate

Distance 1200m 1200m 1200m 1000m

Baud Rate 500k 1.5M 3M 6M 12M

For 1.5M - Max. 6.6m Spurs

At 12M No Spurs Allowed!!

Terminator in Cable Connector can be switched ON and OFF depending

Tom Shaw, Automation Manager

– Looked at Available Bus Technologies

– DVD Case Study

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