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File Organization in Traditional Environment: Files, Like The Organization, Are Arranged, and Read in A Hierarchal Order

The document discusses different types of database organizations and concepts: 1) Traditional file organization involves arranging files, records, and fields in a hierarchical order to be read sequentially. 2) Online databases differ in that they are accessible via a network or internet, often through a web browser, and typically use a subscription-based payment model with collaboration features. 3) Key concepts in file organization include bits, bytes, fields, records, and files and how they relate in a hierarchical structure, as well as databases, entities, attributes, and key fields.

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Nivedita Joshi
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68 views14 pages

File Organization in Traditional Environment: Files, Like The Organization, Are Arranged, and Read in A Hierarchal Order

The document discusses different types of database organizations and concepts: 1) Traditional file organization involves arranging files, records, and fields in a hierarchical order to be read sequentially. 2) Online databases differ in that they are accessible via a network or internet, often through a web browser, and typically use a subscription-based payment model with collaboration features. 3) Key concepts in file organization include bits, bytes, fields, records, and files and how they relate in a hierarchical structure, as well as databases, entities, attributes, and key fields.

Uploaded by

Nivedita Joshi
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FILE ORGANIZATION IN TRADITIONAL

ENVIRONMENT
Files, like the Database
organization, are
File
arranged, and
read in a Record
hierarchal order
Field

Byte

Bit
ONLINE DATABASE
• An online database is a database accessible from a
network, including from the Internet.
• These differ from typical traditional databases such
as Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, Sybase, etc. Some
of the differences are:
• These online databases are delivered primarily via a
web browser
• They are often purchased by a monthly subscription
• They embed common collaboration features such as
sharing, email notifications, etc.
File Organization Terms and Concepts
• Bit:-Smallest amount of data a computer can
read
– Are read as the Binary digits 1 and 0
• Translated into ON or OFF - YES or NO
– Eight bits make one Byte.
Byte:-
– A byte makes up a character
• Letters or Numbers like 1 or A
– Several characters make up a word
• Persons name, address, age.
• Field:-
– Words made up of characters (bytes)
produce what is known as a field.
– Represents a piece of data
• Name, address, account number
• Record
– Collection of related fields
• Clients Contact Information
– Name, Address, Phone, E-mail, Company
• File:-
– Collection of related records.
• Database:-
– A collection of all the organizations
related files.
• Sales, Billing, Customers, etc.
File Organization Terms and Concepts
• Entity: Person, place, thing, event about
which information is maintained

• Attribute: Description of a particular entity

• Key field: Identifier field used to retrieve,


update, sort a record
Database Management System (DBMS)
• Creates and maintains databases

• Eliminates requirement for data definition


statements

• Acts as interface between application


programs and physical data files

• Separates logical and design views of data


Types of Databases
Relational DBMS:
Set of tables Classes

that are related Students

by one or more Class Name


Class ID
pieces of data. Student Name
Student Name
Address
Professor
Allowing data Phone
ClassesCol1
StudentsCol1
to be shared,
Grades
and extracted
to match that
Student Name
of the other CourseID
Grade
related tables. GradesCol1
Classes
Students

Class Name
Class ID
Student Name
Student Name
Address
Professor
Phone
ClassesCol1
StudentsCol1

Grades

Student Name
CourseID
Grade
GradesCol1
Hierarchical and Network DBMS:-Organization of
data in a treelike structure
• Root is the starting point where other data branches
from.
• Network Model:-
– Logical Model that resembles the hierarchical model
– Depicts Many-to-Many relations ships.
Department

Class1 Class2

Student1 Student2 Student3 Student4


• Object-Oriented Databases:-

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