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    DNA CH 6.1 7th

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    thegedus
    Notes for 7th grade obtained from Holt Science and Technology: Life Science. Austin: Holt Rinehart & Winston, 2007. Print.

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    DNA CH 6.1 7th

    Uploaded by

    thegedus
    71 views18 pages
    Notes for 7th grade obtained from Holt Science and Technology: Life Science. Austin: Holt Rinehart & Winston, 2007. Print.

    Original Title

    DNA Ch 6.1 7th

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    Notes for 7th grade obtained from Holt Science and Technology: Life Science. Austin: Holt Rinehart & Winston, 2007. Print.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    71 views18 pages

    DNA CH 6.1 7th

    Uploaded by

    thegedus
    Notes for 7th grade obtained from Holt Science and Technology: Life Science. Austin: Holt Rinehart & Winston, 2007. Print.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    Chapter 6 Section 1

     List 3 important events that led to


    understanding the structure of DNA

     Describe the basic structure of a DNA


    molecule

     Explain how DNA molecules can be copied


     Inherited characteristics are determined by
    genes…
     Genes are passed from generation to

    generation…
     Genes are parts of chromosomes…
     Chromosomes are made of proteins & DNA…
     DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid
     DNA is the genetic material that determines

    inherited characteristics
     Material that makes up genes can do 2
    things…
    ◦ Give instructions for building & maintaining cells

    ◦ Must be able to be copied each time a cell divides –


    each cell will contain identical genes

     This could be done with complex molecules


    (proteins)
     Nucleotides: consist of a sugar, a phosphate,
    & a base
     Nucleotides are identical except for the base

     The 4 bases are:


    ◦ ADENINE
    ◦ THYMINE
    ◦ GUANINE
    ◦ CYTOSINE
     Each base has a different shape

     Bases are referred to using their first letter

     A – adenine
     T – thymine
     G – guanine
     C - cytosine
    http://www.freewebs.com/genetics37/4Nucleotides.JPG
     Erwin Chargaff (1950’s biochemist)

     Discovered that the amount of adenine


    always = the amount of thymine

     The amount of guanine always = the amount


    of cytosine

     These rules helped scientists to better


    understand the structure of DNA
     Rosalind Franklin (Britain) – made images of
    DNA molecules

     Using X-ray diffraction to make the images

     X-rays are aimed at the DNA molecule, the


    pattern made by rays bouncing off is
    captured on film

     Showed the spiral shape


    http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lectures/x-ray-diffraction.gif
     Proposed that DNA structure was like a long
    twisted ladder

     Their model perfectly fit Chargaff and


    Franklin’s findings

     The model helped to explain how DNA is


    copied and functions in a cell
    http://www.nature.com/scitable/nated/content/24263/sadava_11_8_large_2.jpg
     The double ladder design is known as the
    double helix

     2 sides of the ladder are made of alternating


    sugar & phosphate parts

     The rungs are made of a pair of bases

     A pairs with T; G pairs with C


     Pairing of bases allows the cell to replicate
    (make copies of) DNA

     Each base always bonds with only one other


    base (complementary bases)

     Example: the sequence CGAC bonds to the


    sequence GCTG
     During replication, a DNA molecule is split
    down the middle where the bases meet

     Each side is used as a pattern for a new


    strand

     Complementary nucleotides are added to


    each side of the ladder

     2 DNA molecules are formed


    http://library.thinkquest.org/C006188/basics/pictures/dna_replication.gif
     DNA is copied every time a cell divides

     Each new cell gets a complete copy of all the


    DNA

     The job of unwinding, copying, and re-winding


    the DNA is done by the proteins within the cell

     Other proteins help to carry out instructions in


    the code of the DNA
     Holt Science and Technology: Life Science.
    Austin: Holt Rinehart & Winston, 2007. Print.

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