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    Intermolecular Forces

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    Harold Nalla Husayan
    Intermolecular forces (IMFs) include hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole interactions, and London dispersion forces. Hydrogen bonding is the strongest IMF and occurs when hydrogen is bonded to fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. Dipole-dipole interactions occur between polar molecules with partial charges. London dispersion forces are the weakest IMF and exist between all molecules due to transient induced dipoles. Stronger IMFs require more energy to overcome, resulting in higher melting and boiling points of molecular substances compared to ionic compounds and metals with stronger intramolecular bonds.

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    Intermolecular Forces

    Uploaded by

    Harold Nalla Husayan
    812 views7 pages
    Intermolecular forces (IMFs) include hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole interactions, and London dispersion forces. Hydrogen bonding is the strongest IMF and occurs when hydrogen is bonded to fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. Dipole-dipole interactions occur between polar molecules with partial charges. London dispersion forces are the weakest IMF and exist between all molecules due to transient induced dipoles. Stronger IMFs require more energy to overcome, resulting in higher melting and boiling points of molecular substances compared to ionic compounds and metals with stronger intramolecular bonds.

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    INTERMOLECULAR FORCES PPT (not mine)

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    INTERMOLECULAR FORCES PPT

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    Intermolecular forces (IMFs) include hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole interactions, and London dispersion forces. Hydrogen bonding is the strongest IMF and occurs when hydrogen is bonded to fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. Dipole-dipole interactions occur between polar molecules with partial charges. London dispersion forces are the weakest IMF and exist between all molecules due to transient induced dipoles. Stronger IMFs require more energy to overcome, resulting in higher melting and boiling points of molecular substances compared to ionic compounds and metals with stronger intramolecular bonds.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    812 views7 pages

    Intermolecular Forces

    Uploaded by

    Harold Nalla Husayan
    Intermolecular forces (IMFs) include hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole interactions, and London dispersion forces. Hydrogen bonding is the strongest IMF and occurs when hydrogen is bonded to fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. Dipole-dipole interactions occur between polar molecules with partial charges. London dispersion forces are the weakest IMF and exist between all molecules due to transient induced dipoles. Stronger IMFs require more energy to overcome, resulting in higher melting and boiling points of molecular substances compared to ionic compounds and metals with stronger intramolecular bonds.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 7

    Intermolecular forces

    • There are 2 types of attraction in molecules:


    intramolecular bonds & intermolecular forces

    • We have already looked at intramolecular bonds


    (ionic, covalent, polar covalent, metallic)

    • Intermolecular forces (IMF) have to do with the


    attraction between molecules (versus the attraction
    between atoms in a molecule, metal, or compound)

    • The three IMFs are: 1) H-bonding, 2) dipole -


    dipole, and 3) London forces (in order of decreasing
    strength)
    Dipole - Dipole attractions
    • We have seen that molecules + –
    can have a separation of charge
    • This happens in both ionic and
    polar bonds (the greater the ΔEN,
    the greater the dipoles) H Cl
    • Molecules are attracted to each other in a
    compound by these positive and negative
    forces
    + –
    + –
    Hydrogen - bonding
    • H-bonding is a special type of dipole - dipole
    attraction that is very strong

    • It occurs when F, O, or N are bonded to H

    • They are given a special name (H-bonding)


    because compounds containing these forces
    are important in biological systems
    London forces
    • Non-polar molecules do not have dipoles like polar
    molecules. How, then, can non-polar compounds
    form solids or liquids?

    • London forces (also called van der Waal forces) are due to
    small dipoles that exist in non-polar molecules

    • Because electrons are moving around in atoms there


    will be instants when the charge around an atom is
    not symmetrical

    • The resulting tiny dipoles cause attractions between


    atoms/molecules (the greater the mass, the greater the
    London forces)
    Summary
    • The bigger the IMF’s, the more energy it takes
    to overcome them . . . . . . thus

    – The bigger the IMF’s, the higher the melting and


    boiling point

    • Bonds are stronger than IMF’s, so the melting


    and boiling points of covalent network solids
    (i.e.. diamond), ionic compounds (i.e.. salts), and
    metals (i.e.. iron) are much higher than
    molecular substances (i.e.. water)
    IMF
    1. Intramolecular are stronger.

    2. A covalent bond is 100x stronger.

    3. The molecules gather together as liquids or solids


    at low temperatures.

    4. London forces
    – Are present in all compounds
    – Can occur between atoms or molecules
    – Are transient in nature (dipole-dipole are more
    permanent).
    – London forces are weaker
    5. a) O2 would be lower because it is smaller in mass.
    London attractions are smaller and consequently
    lower melting/boiling points.

    b) O2 because it has only London forces. NO has a


    is polar, giving it small dipoles.

    6. C8H18 would have the higher melting/boiling point.


    This is a result of the stronger London forces

    7. a large difference in electronegativity and the small


    sizes of (FON) atoms.

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