WHAT IS DRUG TRAFFFICKING?

-It is also known as illegal drug trade

- it is the global black market activity consisting of production,
distribution, packaging sale of illegal psychoactive substances.

FIRST IMPORTANT DRUG TRAFFIC ROUTE:

 MIDDLE EAST
 DISCOVERY, PLANTATION,CULTIVATION, HARVEST
 TURKEY
 PREPARATION, FOR DISTRIBUTION
 EUROPE
 MANUFACTURE, SYNTHESIS, REFINE
 UNITED STATES
 MARKETING, DISTRIBUTION
WHAT IS DRUG SYNDICATE?
 It is a group of organized and professional criminals with a formal hierarchy of organization set
in illicit drug trade.
 DRUG SYNDICATES
• COLUMBIAN MEDELLIN CARTEL
 One of the known world’s syndicate founded during the 1980’s by Columbian drug lords Pablo Escobar
Gaviria and drug bosses, Jose Gonzalo Rodriguez Gacha and the top aid cocaine barons. Juan David and
the Schoa Brothers.
 The Cartel is reputedly responsible for organizing world’s drugs trafficking network

• CALI CARTEL
 Another drug Cartel based in the south part of Columbia, around the city of Cali.
 Gilberto Rodriguez Orejuela founded the Cali Cartel the 1970’s with brother Miguel Rodriguez Orequela,
Jose Santa Cruz Londono and Helmer “Patcho” Herrera.

• THE NORTE DEL VALLE CARTEL OR NORTH VALLEY CARTEL

 A drug cartel that operated principally the north of the Valle del Cauca department of Columbia. It rose
to prominence during the second half of the 1990’s, after the Cali Cartel and the Medellin Cartel
fragmented, and it was known as one of the most powerful organizations in the illegal drugs trade.
Currently the drug cartel was led by the brothers Luis Enrique and Javier Antonio Calle Serna, alias Los
Comba, until its delivery in 2012 to the authorities of the United States.
 According to a 2004 U.S. Government Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) indictment,
between 1990 and 2004, the Norte del Valle Cartel exported more than 1.2 million pounds- or 500 metric
tons– of cocaine worth in excess of $10 billion from Columbia to Mexico and Ultimately to the United States
for resale.
• TRIAD-known as the Chinese Mafia
• LA COSA NOSTRA-based in the United States
• OCTOPUS NAPOLITAN CAMORRA-based in Europe
• YAKUZA-Japan
• SICIAN MAFIA of Italy

THE GOLDEN TRIANGLE:

 It composed of Thailand, Laos, Myanmar
 Approximately produced 60% of Opium in the world and 90% of Opium in the Eastern part of Asia
 It is also acknowledged source of Southeast Asian heroin
THE GOLDEN CRESCENT:
 Composed of Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iran , India
 The major supplier of opium poppy, MJ, and heroin in the Western part of Asia.
 It produces at least 85% to 90% of all illicit heroin channeled in the drug underworld market.
 WORLD WIDE PERSPECTIVE
• MIDDLE EAST
 The Becka Valley of Lebanon is considered to be the biggest producer of cannabis in the Middle East.
Lebanon is also become the transit country for cocaine from South America to Europe illicit drug markets.
• SPAIN
 Known as the transshipment point for international drug traffickers in Europe and became the “Paradise of
drug users in Europe
• SOUTH AMERICA-COLUMBIA, PERU, URUGUARY AND PANAMA
 The principal sources all cocaine supply in the world due to the robust production of the coca plants
source of the cocaine drug.
• MEXICO
 Is known in the world to be the number one producer of marijuana.
• PHILIPPINES
 Second to Morocco as to the production of marijuana.
 It is also become the major transshipment point for the world wide distribution of illegal drugs
particularly shabu and cocaine from Taiwan and South America.
 It is also noted that Philippines today is known as that paradise of drug abusers in Asia.
• INDIA
 Center of the world’s drug map leading to rapid addiction among it’s people.
 ECSTACY

ECSTACY (X-STA-SEE) was the name given to

methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MMDA) by a Los Angeles
Manufacturer of the drug in order to market it. MMDA chemical
structure is related to stimulants and some hallucinogens. Street
names includes E’s,ease, X, XTC, ECCIES, LOVE DRUG, HUG DRUG
ANND DISCO BISCUITS.
 PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Sought-after effects
 Feelings of emotional closeness to others facilitation of
communication and increase sociability.
 Increase physical and emotional energy.

Short-term effect
 Fatigue and perhaps depression after the drug is stop.
 Nausea and vomiting.
 Arise in blood pressure and heart rate, death from heart stroke.
 Long-term effect
 Prolonged regular use can be to the same long-term effect as with
synthetic stimulants including a potential for neurotoxicity and brain
damage as well as liver damage.

Medical Use
 Ecstacy – Group substances have no currently accepted medical use.
 CLASSIFICATION OF DANGEROUS DRUGS (ACCORDING TO EFFECT)

The Depressants (Downers)

These are drugs which suppress vital body functions especially those of
the brain or central nervous system with the resulting impairment of
judgment, hearing, speech and muscular coordination. They dull the
minds, slow down the body reaction to such an extent that accidental
deaths and/or suicide usually happen. They include the narcotics,
barbiturates, tranquilizers, alcohol and other volatile solvents. These
drugs, when taken cause generally decrease both the mental and
physical activities of the body. They cause depression, relieve pain and
induce sedation or sleep and suppress cought.
1. Narcotics- are drugs which relieve pain an produce profound sleep
or stupor when introduce to the body. Medically, they are potent
pain killers, cough depressants and as an active component of anti-
diarrhea preparation. Opium and it derivatives like morphine,
codeine and heroin, as well as the synthetic opiates, meperidine
and methadone, are classified as narcotics.
2. Opium- a poppy plant- Papaver Somniferum popularly known as
“gum” or “panocha”. A plant that can grow from 3-6 ft. in height
originally in Mesopotamia. Its active ingredient is the “meconic”
acid- the analgesic property.
3. Morphine- effective as pain killer 6 times potent that opium, with a
high dependence producing potential. Morphine exerts action
characterize by analgesia, drowsiness, mode changes and mental
clouding.
4. Heroin- is 3-5 more powerful than Morphine from which it is derive
and most addicting Opium derivative, with continued use, addiction
occurs within 14 days. It may be sniffed on, swallowed but is usually
injected in the veins.
5. Codeine- a derivative of Heroin commonly available in cough
preparations. These cough medicines have been widely abused by
the youth whenever hard narcotics are difficult to obtain.
Withdrawal symptoms are less severe than other drugs.
6. Paregoric- a tincture of opium in combination with camphor.
Commonly used as a household remedy for diarrhea and abdominal
pain.
7. Demerol and Methadone- common synthetic drugs with morphine
like effects. Demerol is widely used as painkiller in childbirth while
methadone is the drug of choice in the withdrawal treatment of
heroin dependents since it relieves the physical craving for heroin.
8. Barbiturates- are drugs used for inducing sleep in persons plagued with
anxiety, mental stress, and insomnia. They are also of value in the
treatment of epilepsy and hypertension. They are available in capsules,
pills e tablets and taken orally or injected.
9. Seconal- commonly used among hospitality girls. Sudden withdrawal
from these drugs is even more dangerous than opiate withdrawal. The
dependent develops generalized convulsions and delirium, which are
frequently associated with heart and respiratory failure.
10. Tranquilizers- are drugs that calm and relax and diminish anxiety. They
are used in the treatment of nervous states and some mental disorders
without producing sleep.
 11.
11. Volatile Solvent – gaseous substances popularly known to abusers as
“gas” , teardrops’. Examples are plastic glues, hair spray, fingernail polish,
lighter fluid, rugby, paint, thinner, acetone, turpentine, gasoline, kerosene,
varnishes and other aerosol products. They are inhaled by the use of plastic
bags, handkerchief or gas soaked in these chemicals.

12. Alcohol – the king of all drugs with potential for abuse. It is considered
the most widely used, socially accepted and most extensively legalized drug
throughout the world. In the field of medicine, it is “valuable” as disinfectant
as an external remedy for reducing high fever among children, and
preservative and solvent for pharmaceutical preparations like elixirs, spirits
and tincture.
The Stimulants(Uppers)
They produce effects opposite of that of depressants. Instead of bringing about
relaxation and sleep, they produce increased mental alertness, wakefulness, reduce
hunger and provide a feeling of well being. Their medical users include narcolepsy-
a condition characterized by an overwhelming desire to sleep and suicidal
depression.
1. Amphetamines – used medically for weight reducing in obesity relief of mild
depression and treatment.
2. Cocaine – the drug taken from the coca bush plant (Erythroxylon Coca) grows in
South America. It is usually in the form of powder that can be taken orally,
injected or sniffed as to achieve euphoria or an intense feeling of “highness”
3. Caffeine – it is present in coffee, tea, chocolate, cola drinks, and some wake-up
pills.
4. Shabu – chemically known as methamphetamine hydrochloride. It is a
central nervous system stimulant and sometimes called “upper” or “speed” it
is a white, colorless crystal or crystalline powder with a bitter numbing taste. It
can be taken orally or inhaled(snorted), sniffed or injected.
5. Nicotine – an active component of tobacco which acts as a powerful
stimulant of the central nervous system. A drop of pure nicotine can easily kill
a person.

The Hallucinogen (Psychedelic)

These are group of drugs that consists of variety of mind altering drugs which
distort the reality, thinking and perception of time, sound, space and
sensation. The user experiencing hallucination (false perception) which at
times can be strange. They may dislocate his consciousness and change his
mood, thinking and concept of self.
1.Marijuana - it is the most commonl abused hallucinogen in the Philippines
because it can be grown extensively in the country many users choose to
smoke marijuana for relaxation in the same way people drink beer or cocktail
at the end of the day. This effects of marijuana include feeling of grandeur. It
can also produce the opposite effect a dreamy sensation of time seeming to
stretch out.
2. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) – this drug is the most powerful of the
psychedelics obtain from ergot, a fungus that attacks rye kernels. LSD is
1,000 times more powerful than marijuana as supply. LSD causes perceptual
changes thater sees color, shapes or objects more intensely than normal and
my have hallucinations of things and walls pulsating.
3. Peyote – Peyote is derived from the surface part of a small gray brown
cactus. Peyote emits a nauseating odor and its user suffers from nausea.
This drug causes no physical dependence and therefore, no withdrawal
symptoms; although in some cases psychological dependence has been
noted.
4. Mescaline – it is alkaloid hallucinogen extracted from the peyote cactus and
can also be synthesized in the laboratory. It produces less nausea than
peyote and show effects resembling those of LSD although milder in nature.
One to two hours after the drug is taken in a liquid or powder form,
delusions begin to occur. Optical hallucinations follow one upon another in
rapid succession. Mescaline does not cause physical dependence.
5. STP(serenity, Tranquility and Peace) – it is take off on the motor oil
addictive. It is a chemical derivatives of mescaline claimed to produce more
violent and longer effects than mescaline dos. Its effects are similar to the
nerve gas used in chemical warfare.

6. Psilocybin – this hallucinogenic alkaloid from small Mexican mushroom are

used by Mexican Indians today. These mushroom induced nausea, muscular
relaxation, mood changes with visions of bright colors and shapes and other
hallucination. These effects may last for four to five hours and later may be
followed by depression, laziness and complete loss of time and space
perception.
 7. Morning Glory Seeds

The black brown seeds of the wild tropical morning glory are used
to produce hallucinations. The seeds are ground into flour, soaked
in cold water then strained through a cloth and drunk. They are sold
under the names of “Heavenly blues” , “Flying Dancers ” and
“Pearly Gates”. the active ingredient in the seed is similar in LSD.
Prolonged psychosis is also one of its effect.
 Popular Plants as sources of Dangerous Drugs
In the world of drug abuse and addiction certain plants are popular to drug
users as resources of drugs such as the following:

The Marijuana Plant

The term marijuana is a Spanish- Mexican term used to refer to the
Indian hemp plant. It is a plant that grows in tropical region and attains an
approximate height of 15 to 20 feet. Scientifically named as Cannabis
Sativa Lima and a member of the Cannabinaceace Family of
plants(separate male/female plant), the female plant is known as
Pistillate (shorter but long lived) while the male plant is called as
Staminate (taller but short lived). The stalk of the plants can attain a
height of 3 to 16 while the roots can attain a length of approximate 8
inches.
The resin called “hashish” can b found on the most top portion of the female
plant. The active ingredient or alkaloid of the plant is called cannabin (the one
that produces the psychological effect) or the Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) – The
concentrated alkaloid which I 5 to 20 times stronger than the plain marijuana
plant. The means of using the drug varies from ingestion to smoking.

The Opium Poppy Plant

> The opium poppy plant is scientifically known as Papaver Somniferum. The
word Papaver is a Greek term which means poppy while the word
Somniferum is a latin term which means dream/induced sleep. The plant can
grow 3 to 6 feet in height originally in Mesopotamia. The Sumerians called it
“Hul Gil” which means “plant of joy ” due to its joyful effect when
administered. Its active ingredient is he Meconic acid – the analgesic property.
The dangerous drug that can be derive from the plant are morphine, heroin
and codeine.
The Coca Bush Plant

> the coca bush plant is scientifically known as Erythroxylon

Coca common in South America. The plant grows in
mountainous and tropical climate areas, on clay like soil. A
fully-grown cultivated coca plant attain a height of 6 to 8 feet
and can be harvested 3 to 4 times in a year. The dangerous
drug that can e produced from this plant is the drug Cocaine-
the most powerful natural stimulant known as cocaine
hydrochloride.
The Epedra Plant
Known to the Chinese as “Ma Huang” the Epedra Plant
(Ephedra Vulgaris) is a psychoactive plant that contains
psychotropic properties one of which is the alkaloid Ephedrine
and pseudoephedrine, an active ingredient of anti- asthma
drug used in over the counter medicatioon. It is also an
essential chemical precursor in the production of
Methamphetamine or Amphetamine drugs.
Methamphetamine Hydrochloride commonly known as
“shabu” is a product derived rom this plant through chemical
processes.
 General Drug Test
DRUGS TEST USED COLOR REACTION
1. Opium Marquis Test Purple
2. Heroin Nitric Acid Test Yellow Green
3. Morphine Nitric Acid Test Red Orange

4. Cocaine Cobalt Thiocyanate Blue

5. Barbiturates Dille-Kopanyi Violet
6.Amphetamines Marquis Test Red-Orange-Brown

7. LSD Para Amino Benzoic Purple

8. Marijuana Duquenois Red-Bottom layer