Urban design in colonial cities like Madras (now Chennai) was closely tied to establishing colonial control and trade. [1] The city originated as a small British trading post in 1639 that expanded by confiscating surrounding villages and grew as a center of European trade in India under East India Company rule in the late 17th/18th centuries. [2] The colonial urban plan separated the original British settlement from surrounding Indian areas, and development of infrastructure like the harbor, railway station and government buildings transformed Madras into a major city by the early 1900s firmly under British administration.
Urban design in colonial cities like Madras (now Chennai) was closely tied to establishing colonial control and trade. [1] The city originated as a small British trading post in 1639 that expanded by confiscating surrounding villages and grew as a center of European trade in India under East India Company rule in the late 17th/18th centuries. [2] The colonial urban plan separated the original British settlement from surrounding Indian areas, and development of infrastructure like the harbor, railway station and government buildings transformed Madras into a major city by the early 1900s firmly under British administration.
Urban design in colonial cities like Madras (now Chennai) was closely tied to establishing colonial control and trade. [1] The city originated as a small British trading post in 1639 that expanded by confiscating surrounding villages and grew as a center of European trade in India under East India Company rule in the late 17th/18th centuries. [2] The colonial urban plan separated the original British settlement from surrounding Indian areas, and development of infrastructure like the harbor, railway station and government buildings transformed Madras into a major city by the early 1900s firmly under British administration.
Urban design in colonial cities like Madras (now Chennai) was closely tied to establishing colonial control and trade. [1] The city originated as a small British trading post in 1639 that expanded by confiscating surrounding villages and grew as a center of European trade in India under East India Company rule in the late 17th/18th centuries. [2] The colonial urban plan separated the original British settlement from surrounding Indian areas, and development of infrastructure like the harbor, railway station and government buildings transformed Madras into a major city by the early 1900s firmly under British administration.
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Urban design
Colonial urbanism
Submitted by, Senthil & princy Colonialism is the establishment, exploitation, maintenance, acquisition, and expansion of colony in one territory by apolitical power from another territory. Collins English Dictionary defines colonialism as “The policy and practice of a power in extending control over weaker What is colonialism? people or areas.” HISTORY OF COLONIALISM
• The historical phenomenon of colonisation is one that stretches around the globe and across time, including such disparate peoples as the Hittites, the Incas and the British. • Modern state global colonialism, or imperialism, began in the 15th century with the "Age of Discovery", by Portuguese and Spanish exploration of the Americas, and the coasts of Africa, the Middle East, India, and East Asia. HISTORY OF COLONIALISM
• During the 16th and 17th centuries, England, France and the Dutch Republic established their own overseas empires, indirect competition with each other. • The end of the 18th and early 19th century saw the first era of decolonization, when most of the European colonies in the Americas gained their independence from their respective metropolis. TYPES OF COLONIALISM Settler colonialism involves large-scale immigration, often motivated by religious, political, or economic reasons. Exploitation colonialism involves fewer colonists and focus access to resources for export, typically to the metropolis. Slaves were often imported to the Americas, first by the Portuguese Empire, and later by the Spanish, Dutch, French and British. COLONIAL CITIES IN INDIA
Colonial India is the part of
the Indian subcontinent which was under the control of European colonial powers, through trade and conquest. The first European power to arrive in India was the Macedonian army of Alexander the Great in 327–326 BC. COLONIAL RULE PERIOD
Dutch India 1605–1825
Danish India 1620–1869 French India 1769–1954 Portuguese East India Company 1628–1633 East India Company 1612–1757 Company rule in India 1757–1858 British Raj 1858–1947 British rule in Burma 1824–1948 Princely states 1721–1949 Partition of India 1947 CITIES UNDER RULE
GOA: In 1510, the Portuguese defeated the ruling Bijapur sultan Yousuf Adil Shah with the help of a local ally, Timayya .They set up a permanent settlement in Velha Goa (or Old Goa). This was the beginning of Portuguese rule in Goa that would last for four and a half centuries, until 1961. KOCHI: Known as the Queen of the Arabian Sea, Kochi was an important spice trading centre on the west coast of India from the 14th century. Occupied by the Portuguese Empire in 1503, Kochi was the first of the European colonies in colonial India. It remained the main seat of Portuguese India until 1530, when Goa was chosen instead. CITIES UNDER RULE DELHI: In 1803 British got control of Delhi but continued with Calcutta as the capital as The Mughal emperor was living there (Bahadur Shah Jafar).The modern city as we know it today developed only after 1911 when Delhi became the capital of British India.
CALCUTTA: The city was a colonial city developed by the British East India Company and then by the British Empire. Kolkata was the capital of the British Indian empire until 1911 when the capital was relocated to Delhi. Kolkata grew rapidly in the 19th century to become the second city of the British Empire. Casestudy Colonialism in madras • Modern Chennai had its origins as a colonial city and its initial growth was closely tied to its importance as an artificial harbour and trading centre. • When the Portuguese arrived in 1522, they built a port and named it São Tomé, after the Christian apostle St. Thomas, who is believed to have preached there between the years 1552 and 1570. • The region then passed into the hands of the Dutch, who established themselves near Pulicat just north of the city in 1612. • Both groups strived to grow their colonial populations and although their populations reached into 10,000 persons when the British arrived, they remained substantially outnumbered by the local Indian population. Colonialism in madras • Chennai formerly known as Madras, is the capital of the state of Tamil Nadu and is India's fourth largest city. • It is located on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal. With an estimated population of 8.9 million , the 400- year-old city is the 31st largest metropolitan city in the world. • Chennai boasts of a long history from the English East India Company, through the British Raj to its evolution in the late 20th century as a services and manufacturing hub for India. • The modern city of "Chennai" arose from the British settlement of Fort St. George and its subsequent expansion through merging numerous native villages and European settlements around Fort St. George into the city of Madras. Colonialism in madras • Modern Chennai had its origins as a colonial city and its initial growth was closely tied to its importance as an artificial harbour and trading centre. • Francis Day and his superior Andrew Cogan can be considered as the founders of Madras (now Chennai). • Their small fortified settlement quickly attracted other East Indian traders and as the Dutch position collapsed under hostile Indian power they also slowly joined the settlement. This area became the Fort St. George settlement. It is otherwise referred to as THE WHITE TOWN. • To differentiate these non-European and non-Christian area from "White Town", the new settlement was termed "Black Town.” Collectively, the original Fort St. George settlement, "White Town", and "Black Town" were called Madras. Plan of madras Colonialism in madras • In the later part of the 17th century, Madras steadily progressed during the period of the East India Company and under many Governors. Although most of the original • Portuguese, Dutch, and British population had been genocided during the Golkonda period, under the Mughal protection, large numbers of British and Anglo-American settlers arrived to replenish these losses. • As a result during the Governorship of Elihu Yale (1687–92),the large number of British and European settlers led to the most important political event which was the formation of the institution of a Mayor and the Corporation for the city of Madras. • The expansion of Chennai lead to the acquisition of other areas nearby. This confiscation of the areas developed which resulted the present day core area of Chennai we see today. CONFISCATED VILLAGES.. VILLAGE YEAR
Madraspatnam 1639 Narimedu (area to the west of Madraspatnam) 1645 Triplicane 1672 Tiruvottiyur 1708 Kottivakkam 1708 Nungambakkam 1708 Egmore 1720 Purasawalkam 1720 Tondiarpet 1720 Chintadripet 1735 Vepery 1742 Mylapore 1749 Chennapatnam 1801 Development In Colonial Madras • The development of a harbour in Madras led the city to become an important centre for trade between India and Europe in the 18th century. • Spencer's started as a small business in 1864 and went on to become the biggest department stores in Asia at the time. • Development of Railway station, High Court, Educational Institution and other major administrative and commercial buildings had taken Chennai to its new heights. • In the 1900’s Chennai acquired the status of a city due to its increased population growth and advancements in terms of infrastructure and aminities. • The city’s major economic activity was entirely based on the sea and other small scale industries inside the city. Historical madras: 1955 madras 1990 madras
