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Control of Gaseous Emissions: Absorption by Liquids

This document discusses control of gaseous emissions through absorption by liquids. It describes absorption as a commonly used technique where gaseous pollutants are dissolved into a liquid scrubbing medium. The key factors in selecting an effective scrubbing medium are properties like high gas solubility, low vapor pressure, and chemical stability. Common scrubbing mediums and the industries and pollutants they can control are listed. Finally, it briefly outlines three main types of absorption equipment - packed tower scrubbers, plate tower scrubbers, and venturi scrubbers - and their relative efficiencies and costs.

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135 views11 pages

Control of Gaseous Emissions: Absorption by Liquids

This document discusses control of gaseous emissions through absorption by liquids. It describes absorption as a commonly used technique where gaseous pollutants are dissolved into a liquid scrubbing medium. The key factors in selecting an effective scrubbing medium are properties like high gas solubility, low vapor pressure, and chemical stability. Common scrubbing mediums and the industries and pollutants they can control are listed. Finally, it briefly outlines three main types of absorption equipment - packed tower scrubbers, plate tower scrubbers, and venturi scrubbers - and their relative efficiencies and costs.

Uploaded by

gautham_7734
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CONTROL OF GASEOUS EMISSIONS

Absorption by liquids
Control of gaseous emissions from
stationary sources
• Addition of add-on control devices to recover
or destroy gaseous pollutants from effluent
streams:
• Commonly used control technologies-
1.Absorption
2.Adsorption
3.Condensation
4.Incineration
Absorption by liquids
• Commonly used technique to control gaseous
emissions before discharge.
• Dissolution of gaseous pollutant in liquid.
• Transfer of pollutants from gas to liquid phase
across the interface in response to the
concentration gradient.
• Absorbers a.k.a scrubbers are of many types.
• The liquid phase used is known as scrubbing
medium
Selection of Scrubbing medium
Effectiveness of absorption process depends on the
selection of suitable scrubbing medium.
Properties of scrubbing medium:
• High gas solubility
• High selectivity
• Low vapor pressure
• Non Corrosive
• Easy regeneration & recovery
• Low cost
• Low viscosity at absorption temperature
• Nontoxic
• Non-flammable
• Chemical Stability
• Scrubbing medium should not cause Water
pollution or waste disposal problems
POLLUTANT INDUSTRIES SUITABLE SOLVENT

Sulfur dioxide Refineries , Paper, Glass NaOH, Sodium sulfite, magnesium


& Sugar industries etc. oxide, calcium carbonate solution
Nitrogen Oxides Fertilizer, Paper & Pulp Ammonium bicarbonate & bisulfite ,
industries, Power plants CaOH, MgOH, NaOH solutions
etc.
Hydrogen Sulfide Paper Mills, Tanneries, NaOH, KOH solution
Iron & Steel , Petroleum
Hydrogen Chloride Glass , Petrochemicals, Water, ammonia, CaOH & MgOH
Galvanizing and Battery solution
Chlorine Plastics, Paper, Textiles Water, NaOH, Sodium sulfide &
thiosulfite solution
Phosgene Chemical Industries NaOH & Water

Ammonia Power plants, Fertilizer Sulfuric acid , Water


Absorption Equipments
Packed tower Scrubber
• Commonly used.
• Gas stream passed through
packed structure.
• Package material provides
larger wetted surface area.
• Counter current flow
• Ceramic saddles, Raschig
rings , crushed rock etc are
used as packaging materials
• Hi-efficiency, low capital &
operational costs
Plate tower Scrubber
• Highly efficient
• Stepwise contact between
liquid and gas.
• Gas bubbles through liquid
to pass through different
stages.
• Spray towers used for
absorption of highly soluble
gases increases the mass
transfer area.
• Counter current
Venturi Scrubbers
• Gas is accelerated through
the converging section
before entering the throat.
• Scrubbing liquor enters
around the top of
convergent section
• Hi-velocity gas stream
atomizing the liquor
droplets is achieved.
• Co-Current
• Extremely efficient
• Hi-operation costs
• Packed tower scrubbers are widely used.
• Around 10% cases make use of Tray column
and Venturi scrubbers.
• Absorbers/Scrubbers can achieve removal
efficiencies greater than 95%
• Generation of waste water is 1 of the
potential problem of scrubbers.
Adsorption by Solids..!!!

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