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CH 30

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100 views15 pages

CH 30

Uploaded by

Aini Ch
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 30

Cryptography

30.1 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
30-1 INTRODUCTION

Let us introduce the issues involved in cryptography.


First, we need to define some terms; then we give some
taxonomies.

Topics discussed in this section:


Definitions
Two Categories

30.2
INTRODUCTION
 Cryptography is a Greek word means
“secret writing”.
 Cryptography is the science and art of
transforming messages to make them
secure and immune to attacks.
 The following figure describes the
components of a cryptographic system.

30.3
Figure 30.1 Cryptography components

30.4
Components:

1. Plain text and Cipher text


2. Cipher
3. Key
4. Alice, Bob, and Eve

30.5
Plain and Cipher text

 The original message is called “plain text”.


 The transformed message is called “cipher
text”.
 An “encryption algorithm” transforms the
plain text into cipher text.
 A “decryption algorithm” transforms the
cipher text into plain text.

30.6
Cipher

 We refer to encryption and decryption


algorithms as ciphers.
 The term “cipher” also refers to different
categories of algorithms in cryptography.
 Every pair of sender/receiver do not
require their own cipher.
 On cipher can serve millions of
communicating pairs.

30.7
Key

 A key is a number (or a set of numbers)


that the cipher, as an algorithm, operates
on.
 To encrypt a message, we need an
encryption algorithm, an encryption key,
and the plain text.
 To decrypt a message, we need a
decryption algorithm, a decryption key,
and the cipher text.
30.8
Alice, Bob and Eve

 In cryptography it is customary to use


three characters in an information
exchange scenario.
 Alice is the person who sends secure data.
 Bob is the recipient of data.
 Eve is the person who disturbs
communication between Alice and Bob.

30.9
Figure 30.2 Categories of cryptography

30.10
Figure 30.3 Symmetric-key cryptography

30.11
Note

In symmetric-key cryptography, the


same key is used by the sender
(for encryption)
and the receiver (for decryption).
The key is shared.

30.12
Figure 30.4 Asymmetric-key cryptography

30.13
Figure 30.5 Keys used in cryptography

30.14
Figure 30.6 Comparison between two categories of cryptography

30.15

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