A Tutorial on the

Zachman Framework for

Enterprise Architecture

A Tutorial on the Zachman Enterprise Architecture Framework 1

 Zachman Framework
VA Enterprise DATA FUNCTION NETWORK PEOPLE TIME MOTIVATION Based on work by
Architecture What How Where Who When Why John A. Zachman
SCOPE Things Important Processes Business Important Ev ents Signific ant Business Goals SCOPE
(CONTEXTUAL) to the Business Performed locations Organiz ations to the Business and Strategy (CONTEXTUAL)

Planner Entity = Class of Function = Class of Node = Major People = Major Time = Major Ends/Means = Planner
Business Thing Business Process Business Locations Organiz ations Business Event Major Business Goals
ENTERPRISE Semantic Model Business Process Business Logistics Work Flow Model Master Schedule Business Plan ENTERPRISE
MODEL Model System MODEL
(CONCEPTU AL) (CONCEPTU AL)

Owner Ent = Business Entity Proc = Business Process Node = Business Location People = Organization Unit Time = Business Event End = Business Objectiv e Owner
Rel = Business Relationship I/O = Business Resources Link = Business Linkage Work = Work Product Cycle = Business Cycle Means = Business Strategy
SYSTEM MODEL Logical Data Application Distributed System Human Interface Processing Business Rule SYSTEM MODEL
(LOGICAL) Model Architecture Architecture Architecture Structure Model (LOGICAL)

Designer Ent = Data Entity Proc = Application Function Node = IS Function People = Role Time = System Event End = Structural Assertion Designer
Rel = Data Relationship I/O = User Views Link = Line Characteristics Work = Deliv erable Cycle = Processing Cycle Means = Action Assertion
TECHNOL OGY Physical Data System Technology Presentation Control Rule TECHNOLOGY
MODEL Model Design Architecture Architecture Structure Design MODEL
(PHYSICAL) (PHYSICAL)

Builder Ent = Segment/Table Proc = Computer Function Node = Hardware/Softw are People = User Time = Ex ecute End = Condition Builder
Rel = Pointer/Key I/O = Data Elements /Sets Link = Line Specifications Work = Screen Format Cycle = Component Cycle Means = Action
DETAILED Data Program Netw ork Security Timing Rule DETAILED
REPRESENTATIONS Definition Architecture Architecture Definition Design REPRESENTATIONS
(OUT-OF-CONTEXT) (OUT-OF-CONTEXT)

Sub-Contractor Ent = Field Proc = Language Statement Node = Addresses People = Identity Time = Interrupt End = Sub-Condition Sub-Contractor
Rel = Address I/O = Control Block Link = Protocols Work = Job Cycle = Machine Cycle Means = Step
FUNCTIONING Data Function Netw ork Organiz ation Schedule Strategy FUNCTIONING
ENTERPRISE ENTERPRISE

Ent = Proc = Node = People = Time = End =

Rel = I/O = Link = Work = Cycle = Means =
DATA FUNCTION NETWORK PEOPLE TIME MOTIVATION
What How Where Who When Why

A Tutorial on the Zachman Enterprise Architecture Framework 2

 Zachman Framework
 Row 1 – Scope
External Requirements and Drivers
Business Function Modeling

 Row 2 – Enterprise Model

Business Process Models

 Row 3 – System Model

Logical Models What How Where Who When Why
Requirements Definition
1 Contextual Contextual
 Row 4 – Technology Model
Physical Models 2 Conceptual Conceptual

Solution Definition and Development

 Row 5 – As Built 3 Logical Logical

As Built
Deployment
4 Physical Physical

 Row 6 – Functioning Enterprise 5 As Built As Built

Functioning Enterprise
Evaluation 6 Functioning Functioning

What How Where Who When Why

A Tutorial on the Zachman Enterprise Architecture Framework 3

 Framework Rules
Basic Model = Entities and Relationships

 Rule 1: Entity Relationship Entity

Columns have no order

 Rule 2:
What How Where Who When Why
Each column has a simple, basic model
Contextual Contextual
 Rule 3:
Conceptual Conceptual
Basic model of each column is unique
Logical Logical
 Rule 4:
Each row represents a distinct view Physical Physical

 Rule 5: As Built As Built

Each cell is unique Functioning Functioning

 Rule 6: What How Where Who When Why

Combining the cells in one row forms a

complete description from that view

A Tutorial on the Zachman Enterprise Architecture Framework 4

 Zachman Framework – Row 1
Scope/Planner’s View
 Motivation/Why  External Requirements
Business goals, objectives and performance
measures related to each function and Drivers
 Function/How  Business Function
High-level business functions
Modeling
 Data/What
High-level data classes related to each
function What How Where Who When Why

1 Contextual Contextual
 People/Who
Stakeholders related to each function Conceptual Conceptual

Logical Logical
 Network/Where
VA locations related to each function Physical Physical

As Built As Built
 Time/When
Cycles and events related to each Functioning Functioning

function What How Where Who When Why

A Tutorial on the Zachman Enterprise Architecture Framework 5

 Zachman Framework – Row 2
Enterprise Model/Designer’s View
 Motivation/Why  Business Process Models
Policies, procedures and standards for each
process  Business Function
 Function/How Allocation
Business processes
 Elimination of Function
 Data/What Overlap and Ambiguity
Business data
What How Where Who When Why

Contextual Contextual
 People/Who
VA roles and responsibilities in each 2 Conceptual Conceptual
process
Logical Logical
 Network/Where
VA locations related to each process Physical Physical

As Built As Built
 Time/When
Events for each process and sequencing Functioning Functioning

of integration and process improvements What How Where Who When Why

A Tutorial on the Zachman Enterprise Architecture Framework 6

 Zachman Framework – Row 3
System Model/Designer’s View
 Motivation/Why  Logical Models
VA policies, standards and procedures
associated with a business rule model  Project Management
 Function/How  Requirements Definition
Logical representation of information
systems and their relationships
 Data/What
Logical data models of data and data
relationships underlying VA information What How Where Who When Why

Contextual Contextual
 People/Who
Logical representation of access privileges Conceptual Conceptual
constrained by roles and responsibilities
3 Logical Logical
 Network/Where
Logical representation of the distributed Physical Physical

system architecture for VA locations

As Built As Built
 Time/When
Logical events and their triggered responses Functioning Functioning

constrained by business events and their responses What How Where Who When Why

A Tutorial on the Zachman Enterprise Architecture Framework 7

 Zachman Framework – Row 4
Technology Model/Builder’s View
 Motivation/Why  Physical Models
VA business rules constrained by information
systems standards  Technology Management
 Function/How  Solution Definition and
Specifications of applications that operate
on particular technology platforms Development
 Data/What
Database management system (DBMS) type
requirements constrained by logical data models What How Where Who When Why

Contextual Contextual
 People/Who
Specification of access privileges to Conceptual Conceptual
specific platforms and technologies
Logical Logical
 Network/Where
Specification of network devices and their 4 Physical Physical

relationships within physical boundaries

As Built As Built
 Time/When
Specification of triggers to respond to system Functioning Functioning

events on specific platforms and technologies What How Where Who When Why

A Tutorial on the Zachman Enterprise Architecture Framework 8

 Zachman Framework – Row 5
As Built/Integrator’s View
 Motivation/Why  As Built
VA business rules constrained by specific
technology standards  Configuration Management
 Function/How  Deployment
Programs coded to operate on specific
technology platforms
 Data/What
Data definitions constrained by physical
data models What How Where Who When Why

Contextual Contextual
 People/Who
Access privileges coded to control access Conceptual Conceptual
to specific platforms and technologies
Logical Logical
 Network/Where
Network devices configured to conform to Physical Physical

node specifications
5 As Built As Built
 Time/When
Timing definitions coded to sequence Functioning Functioning

activities on specific platforms and technologies What How Where Who When Why

A Tutorial on the Zachman Enterprise Architecture Framework 9

 Zachman Framework – Row 6
Functioning Enterprise/User’s View
 Motivation/Why  Functioning Enterprise
Operating characteristics of specific
technologies constrained by standards  Operations Management
 Function/How
 Evaluation
Functioning computer instructions
 Data/What
Data values stored in actual databases
What How Where Who When Why

Contextual Contextual
 People/Who
VA personnel and key stakeholders Conceptual Conceptual
working within their roles and responsibilities
Logical Logical
 Network/Where
Sending and receiving messages Physical Physical

Integrated Integrated
 Time/When
Timing definitions operating to sequence 6 Functioning Functioning

activities What How Where Who When Why

A Tutorial on the Zachman Enterprise Architecture Framework 10

VA Zachman
Framework Portal

A Tutorial on the Zachman Enterprise Architecture Framework 11