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    Accomodation of Eye

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    Thadei Mruma
    The document discusses accommodation of the eye. Accommodation is the mechanism by which the eye changes refractive power by altering the shape of the lens to focus on objects at variable distances. The key terms discussed are near point, far point, and range of accommodation. It describes how ciliary muscles and zonules relax and contract the lens to accommodate for near and far vision. Accommodative ability reduces with age due to lens changes causing presbyopia. Anomalies of accommodation include insufficiency, excess, spasm, and paralysis.

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    Accomodation of Eye

    Uploaded by

    Thadei Mruma
    2K views11 pages
    The document discusses accommodation of the eye. Accommodation is the mechanism by which the eye changes refractive power by altering the shape of the lens to focus on objects at variable distances. The key terms discussed are near point, far point, and range of accommodation. It describes how ciliary muscles and zonules relax and contract the lens to accommodate for near and far vision. Accommodative ability reduces with age due to lens changes causing presbyopia. Anomalies of accommodation include insufficiency, excess, spasm, and paralysis.

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    ACCOMODATION OF EYE (2)

    Original Title

    ACCOMODATION OF EYE (2)

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    The document discusses accommodation of the eye. Accommodation is the mechanism by which the eye changes refractive power by altering the shape of the lens to focus on objects at variable distances. The key terms discussed are near point, far point, and range of accommodation. It describes how ciliary muscles and zonules relax and contract the lens to accommodate for near and far vision. Accommodative ability reduces with age due to lens changes causing presbyopia. Anomalies of accommodation include insufficiency, excess, spasm, and paralysis.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    2K views11 pages

    Accomodation of Eye

    Uploaded by

    Thadei Mruma
    The document discusses accommodation of the eye. Accommodation is the mechanism by which the eye changes refractive power by altering the shape of the lens to focus on objects at variable distances. The key terms discussed are near point, far point, and range of accommodation. It describes how ciliary muscles and zonules relax and contract the lens to accommodate for near and far vision. Accommodative ability reduces with age due to lens changes causing presbyopia. Anomalies of accommodation include insufficiency, excess, spasm, and paralysis.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    ACCOMODATION OF EYE

    • Accommodation is the mechanism by which


    the eye changes refractive power by altering
    The shape of lens in order to focus objects at
    variable distances.
    Terms
    • Far point: position of an object when its image
    clearly falls on retina with no accommodation.
    This is also called punctum remotum

    • Near point: nearest point clearly seen with


    maximum accommodation. This is called unctum
    remotum.

    • Range of accommodation: Distance between far


    point and near point.
    Amplitude of Accomodation
    • The difference between diaoptric power needed to
    focus at far point(at rest) AND AT NEAR Point fully
    accommodated.
    • Relative amplitude of accommodation: the total
    amount of accommodation which the eye can exert
    while the convergence of the eyes is fixed.
    • It can be positive using concave lens until the image
    blurs. This is called positive relative accommodation
    • IT can be negative using convex lens until the image
    blurrs. This is called negative relative accommodation.
    Mechanism of Accommodation
    • Ciliary muscles contracts__ ciliary ring
    • shortens_ Equator of lens move forward as a
    • result the Zonules are relaxed--- so the tension
    • in capsule is relived----- Lens becomes
    • spherical that is convexity increases------ leads
    • to increase in diaoptric power of eye -----
    allowing near objects to be focused on retina.
    Mechanism(contd)
    • For Distant object
    Ciliary muscles relaxes causing lens attachment
    fibres to become taut and flatten lens

    For Near objects


    • Ciliary muscles contracts, rreleasing tension
    on fibres allowing lens to become more
    spherical
    With age
    • Lens fibre and lens capsule lose elasticity-------
    leading to change in size and shape of lens
    which increases------ reduction of
    accommodative amplitude causing onset of an
    refractive error known as Presbyopia.
    Types of Acommodation
    • Tonic Accommodation
    This is due to tonus of ciliary muscle and is active in
    absence of stimulus. The resting state of
    accommodation is not at infinity but rather at an
    intermediate distance.

    Proximal accomodation is induced by the awareness of


    the nearness of a target.

    Reflex accomodation is an automatic response to blur


    which is made to maintain a clear and sharp retinal
    image.
    Convergence- accommodation
    • Convergence- accommodation
    -- Amount of accommodation stimulated or
    relaxed associated with convergence.
    -- The link between accommodation and
    convergence is known as accomodative
    convergence and is expressed clinically as
    AC/A RATIO.
    Anomalies of Accommodation
    1. Accommodative insufficiency
    may be due to paralysis or paresis or, ill sustained accommodation

    2. Accommodative excess--- leads to spasm

    3. Inertia of accommodation

    4. Increased accommodation

    5. Deficient accommodation
    Example : presbyopia which is physiological cause
    Pharmacological cause being use of cycloplegic drugs.
    Anomalies of Accommodation
    • General symptoms

    Problems are long standing


    Intermittent blurred vision
    Eye strain or Headache
    Fatigue/sleepiness
    Inattentiveness over time.
    Classification of Anomalies of
    Accommodation
    • Decreased increased

    Excess
    Spasm

    Insufficiency

    Ill sustained accommodation

    Inertia

    paralysis

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