21st Century Literature in Various Regions

21 Century
st
Literature in
Various Region
21st Century
Literature in
Various
Regions
Objectives:
• At the end of this lesson, you should

be able to identify the characteristics
of pre-colonial literature of the
Philippines.
• What texts are considered pre-
colonial literature?
What is Precolonial literature?
• includes all literature produced before the
Spanish colonization like chants, proverbs,
songs, and folk narratives.
• These were all passed down from generation
to generation by word of mouth.
• Philippine folk narratives are varied and
distinct. They depict the people’s livelihood,
customs, and traditions.
Folktale
 This is a characteristically
anonymous, timeless, and
placeless tale circulated orally
among a people.
Folktales about Juan are very popular. Some
emphasize certain virtues, and some serve as
warning about behavior. Also, some are for
the reader’s amusement.
Juan Gathers Guavas (A Tagalog Folktale)
Juan Pusong and His Father’s Cows (A Visayan Folktale)

Fable
This features animal
characters or inanimate
objects that behave like
people.
The monkey is a common animal
character in Philippine fables. It is often
depicted as a cunning animal.
Example:
The Monkey and the Crocodile (A Tagalog Fable)
Legend
– This is presented as history

but is unlikely to be true.
There are different Filipino legends of the
great flood. The story of Bukidnon, for
instance, tells that a huge crab caused the
water to rise by going into the sea. On the
other hand, the Igorot story tells that the sons
of Lumawig the Great Spirit caused the flood.
Example 1: The Flood Story (A Legend of Bukidnon)
Example 2: The Flood Story (A Legend of the Igorot)

Myth
– This is told to explain a

belief, a practice, or a natural
phenomenon.
There are Philippine versions of the creation
myth. The Igorot’s story tells that Lumawig the
Great Spirit created people. On the other hand,
the Tagalog story tells that the first man and
woman came from a bamboo.
Example 1:
The Creation (An Igorot Myth)
The Creation (A Tagalog Myth)
Epic
– This narrative poem
celebrates the adventures
and achievements of a
hero.
The Philippine epics are sung or chanted in
episodes. They feature supernatural
characters and reflect the society where they
originated. Also, there are different versions
of a story.
Biag ni Lam-ang
Hinilawod
Darangan
Objectives:
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
name some literary works published during the Spanish
Colonial Period, and
analyze some literary works.
What literary works were published during the Spanish
occupation of the Philippines?
What do those works reflect about the life of Filipinos
during this period in history?
Notes on the Spanish Colonial Period (1521–1898)
Expeditions to the Philippines were sent by Spain in the
16th century. In their conquest, the Spaniards brought
Christianity with them. The clergy made a great impact on
faith, education, and government.
Through the Manila-Acapulco trade (1565–1815), liberal
ideas entered the country. Also, the trade gave rise to a
wealthier middle class. Children in middle class families could then
be sent to Europe to get an education. Upon their return, they
brought European ideals of liberty and freedom with them.
Such ideals would then give rise to Filipino nationalism.
Philippine Literature
during the Spanish Occupation

The Spanish missionaries taught the gospel
through the native language, so they hired
natives to translate Spanish religious
instructional materials. Eventually, the natives
became fluent in Spanish and became known
as ladinos.
Also, the native drama called the komedya or moro-
moro was popular. It depicted the war between
Christians and Muslims, wherein the former always
wins. The poet Jose de la Cruz (1746–1829) was a
master of such art form.
Native literature continued. Though the Spaniards

destroyed the written literature in their effort to
replace it with their own, the oral tradition survived and
flourished in areas beyond the reach of the
Spaniards.
Literary artist who published a literary works
during the Spanish colonial period.
Andres Bonifacio
Leona Florentino
Pedro Paterno
Jose Rizal
Francisco Baltazar
Francisco Baltazar (1788-1862),
the master of traditional Tagalog poetry, became well-
known for his work Florante at Laura (1838–1861),
the most famous metrical romance of the country.
Pedro Paterno (1857–1911)

wrote Sampaguitas y poesias varias (1880), the first
poetry collection in Spanish by a Filipino; and the
novel in Spanish Ninay (1885), considered to be the
first Filipino novel.
Jose Rizal (1861–1896),
a prominent ilustrado and the country’s national
hero, is famous for the novels Noli Me Tangere and
El Filibusterismo. These novels portray the
corruption and abuse of the Spanish officials and
the clergy.
Andres Bonifacio (1863–1897),
the founder of the Katipunan, wrote the poem “Pag-
ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa.” This poem appeared in
the Kalayaan, the official newspaper of the
Katipunan, in March 1896.
Leona Florentino (1849–1884),
known as the “mother of Philippine women’s
literature,” was a poet in both Ilocano and
Spanish. Twenty of her poems were
preserved and exhibited in Europe. The
poems were included in the Encyclopedia
International des Oeuvres des Femme in
1889.

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21 Century

• At the end of this lesson, you should

Juan Gathers Guavas (A Tagalog Folktale)

Juan Pusong and His Father’s Cows (A Visayan Folktale)

– This is presented as history

Example 2: The Flood Story (A Legend of the Igorot)

– This is told to explain a

during the Spanish Occupation

Native literature continued. Though the Spaniards

Pedro Paterno (1857–1911)

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