Chapter 2:

Input & Output Devices

Computers Are Your Future, Bill Daley

 Learning Outcomes

 Identify the various types of input and output

devices
 Explain the purpose of special keys and list the most
frequently used pointing devices
 List the types of monitors and the characteristics
that determine a monitor’s quality
 Identify the various types of printers
 Identify the devices used to get sound, video, and
images into the computer

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 Input

 Input is any data or instructions entered into the

computer’s memory

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 Input Devices: Giving Commands

Keyboard

Mouse

Stylus
 Input devices are types of hardware that enable you to get programs,
data, commands, and responses into the computer’s memory

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 Keyboard

 The keyboard allows the computer user to enter

words, numbers, punctuation, symbols, and special
function commands into the computer’s memory
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 Types of Keyboard
Enhanced / Extended
Ergonomic
Keyboard
Keyboard

 Enhanced or Extended keyboard – Typically 101 keys laid

out in the QWERTY fashion; connected to the computer by
a serial cable
 Cordless keyboard – Uses infrared or radio wave signals
 Ergonomic keyboard – Designed to help prevent
Cumulative Trauma Disorder (CTD) or damage to nerve
tissues in the wrist and hand due to repeated motion

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 Mouse

 The mouse is the most widely used pointing device

A mouse is palm sized
 Asthe mouse is moved, its movements are mirrored by the on-
screen pointer
 Mouse pad – clean, flat surface for mouse movement

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 Types of Mouse

Wheel
Mouse

Cordless
Mouse

 Wheel mouse – Contains a rotating wheel used to scroll

vertically within a text document; connects to PS/2 port
or USB port
 Cordless mouse – Uses infrared signals to connect to
the computer’s IrDA port; it must be within sight of the
receiving port

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PS/2 Port

 The color-coded PS/2 connection ports:

 Purple for keyboard
 Green for mouse
 Other Types of Pointing Devices

Trackball Touch
Screen

Pointing
Stick Joystick

Touch Pad Pen

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 How a Mouse Works

 Mouse buttons enable the user to initiate actions

 Clicking (left-, right-, or double-clicking) allows
the user to select an item on the screen or
open a program or dialog box
 Click and drag – Holding down the left mouse
button and moving the mouse enables the user
to move objects on the screen

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 Image Processing Systems: Scanners

 Image processing systems are used in business,

industry, and science to input data without manually
keying it in
Scanners

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 Image Processing Systems: Scanners

 Magnetic-ink character recognition (MICR) – Used by

banks to process checks

MICR

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 Optical Mark Reader (OMR) – A scanning device that
senses the marks from pencils
 Alternative Input Devices

Scanners
Flatbed Barcode reader

Microphone – Speech
recognition

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 Alternative Input Devices

Digital Camera Digital Video

Video-conferencing
Web Cam

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 Speech Recognition - Microphone

 Speech recognition is a type of input in which the computer recognizes

words spoken into a microphone
 Special software and a microphone are required
 A microphone – an input device that converts sound input into electrical
signals
 Latest technology uses continuous speech recognition where the user does
not have to pause between words

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 Digital Cameras

 The image’s light falls on a charge-coupled device

(CCD) which transforms the light’s patterns into
pixels
 Images are stored in the camera using flash memory.
The most popular types are CompactFlash, SD,
MICRO SD, MINI SD, Memory Stick and etc...
 Photo-editing programs enable the user to edit the
images

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Memory card

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 Digital Video camera

 A video capture board transforms analog video

into digital video
 Codecs or compression/decompression standards
are used to compress digital video files
 A frame rate of 24 frames per second (fps) is
needed to produce a continuous smooth action

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 Video-conferencing

 Videoconferencing uses digital video technology to

simulate face-to-face meetings
 Whiteboards, which are a part of the screen, can be
used to write or draw

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 Web Cam

 A Web cam provides low-

resolution video-conferencing
for Internet users
 The images are small and jerky

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 Output Devices

 Output devices are peripheral devices that enable

users to view or hear the computer’s processed data
 Visual output – Text, graphics, and video
 Audio output – Sounds, music, and synthesized
speech
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 Visual Display System

 A visual display system is composed of two parts:

 Display card
 Monitor

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 Display card

 A display card is also called video card or graphics card

 It plugs into an expansion slot on the motherboard
 It contains memory called video RAM (VRAM)
 It is designed to work with digital or analog monitors
 It converts digital signals to analog
 It determines a monitor’s maximum resolution
(VGA/Super VGA)
 It determines a monitor’s refresh rate
 3D display card – Enables 3-dimensional images
 Multi-display video adapter – Permits a connection of two
monitors at a time

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 Monitors

CRT LCD

 A monitor is a peripheral device which displays

computer output on a screen.
 Screen output is referred to as soft copy.
 Types of monitors:
 Cathode-ray tube (CRT)

 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD or flat-panel)

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 Cathode-ray tube (CRT)

 Resembles televisions
 Uses picture tube technology
 Less expensive than a LCD monitor
 Takes up more desk space and uses more energy
than LCD monitors

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 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)

 Cells sandwiched between two

transparent layers form images
 Used for notebook computers,
PDAs, cellular phones, and personal
computers
 More expensive than a CRT monitor
 Takes up less desk space and uses
less energy than CRT monitors

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 Monitor Specifications

 Screen size – The diagonal measurement of the screen

surface in inches (15, 17, 19, 21)
 Resolution – The sharpness of the image determined by
the number of horizontal and vertical dots (pixels) that the
screen can display (800 x 600, 1024 x 768, 1600 x 1200)
 Refresh rate – The speed at which the screen is redrawn
(refreshed) and measured in Hertz (Hz) (60Hz, 75Hz)

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 Printers

A printer is a peripheral device that produces a

physical copy or hard copy of the computer’s output
 Two basic types:
 Impact printer

 Non-impact printer

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 Impact Printer

Impact printer
Dot-matrix

 An impact printer is a printer that has a print head that contacts the
paper to produce a character
 It uses ink ribbon
 It is noisy, produces Near-letter quality printouts, and is not commonly
used today
 Dot-matrix – Pins are used to make characters

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 Non-impact Printer

Inkjet Laser

 The non-impact printer is the most commonly used printer

today
 It works quietly compared to an impact printer
 Laser printer works like a
 Inkjet printer, also called a
bubble-jet, makes characters copier
by inserting dots of ink onto  Quality determined by dots
paper per inch (dpi) produced
 Color printers available
 Letter-quality printouts
 Cost of printer is inexpensive  High initial costs but
but ink is costly cheaper to operate per page

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 Multifunction Printer

 A multifunction printer combines the functions of a

non-impact printer, scanner, fax machine, and copier
in one unit

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 Plotter

 A plotter is a printer that uses a pen that moves over

a large revolving sheet of paper
 It produces high-quality images
 It is used in engineering, drafting, map making, and
seismotology
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 Audio Output

 Audio output is the ability of the computer to

output sound
 Two components are needed:
 Sound card – Plays contents of digitized
recordings
 Speakers – Attached to sound card
 Digital formats include WAV, MPEG, MP3, and MIDI

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 Summary

•• Input
Inputisisthe
thesoftware,
software,data,
data,and
andinformation
informationthat
thatisis
entered
enteredintointothe
thecomputer’s
computer’smemory
memory
•• Input
Inputdevices
devicessuch suchasasthe
thekeyboard,
keyboard,mouse,
mouse,andand
trackball
trackballenable
enablethetheuser
usertotoenter
enterdata
data
•• AApointing
pointingdevice
deviceenables
enablesthetheuser
usertotocontrol
control
movements
movementsofofan anon-screen
on-screenpointer
pointer
•• Speech
Speechrecognition
recognitionsoftware
softwareenables
enablesthetheuser
usertoto
enter
enterdata
datainto
intoaacomputer
computerby byspeaking
speakinginto
intoaa
microphone
microphone
•• Monitors
Monitorsenable
enablethe theuser
usertotoview
viewthe
thecomputer’s
computer’s
processed
processeddata; data;the
theoutput
outputisisknown
knownas assoft
softcopy
copy

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 Summary

•• The
Thetwo
twotypes
typesofofmonitors
monitorsarearethe
theCRT
CRTandandthe
theLCD
LCD
•• AAmonitor’s
monitor’squality
qualityisismeasured
measuredby byscreen
screensize,
size,
resolution,
resolution,and
andrefresh
refreshrate
rate
•• Printers
Printersproduce
producepermanent
permanentversions
versions(hard
(hardcopies)
copies)ofof
the
thecomputer’s
computer’soutput
output
•• The
Thetwo
twobasic
basictypes
typesofofprinters
printersare
arethe
theinkjet
inkjetand
andlaser
laser

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