Storage: H olding Data

for Future Use

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 Storage: H olding Data
for Future Use
• St or age devices
o Hardware that contains the tools to place data on
the r ecor ding m edia
o Recor ding m edia—hold data
• Hard disks
• Floppy disks
• Flash memory
• CDs and DVDs

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Storage: H olding Data
for Future Use

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 Storage: H olding Data
for Future Use
• Mem or y ( RAM) ver sus st or age
o Storage devices retain data even if power is
turned off
o Data stored in memory (RAM) will be lost
o Storage devices are less expensive than memory

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 Storage: H olding Data
for Future Use
• Mem or y ( RAM)
o Primary memory
o Temporary holding area for items in use
o Pr im ar y st or age
• St or age devices
o Required during the computer system’s start-up
operations
o Used as an output device for saving data

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 Storage: H olding Data
for Future Use
• Har d disk dr ive ( har d dr ive)
o Most important storage device
o High-capacity, high-speed device
o Considered secondar y st or age (online; f ixed
st or age), compared with memory/ RAM, which is
categorized as primary storage
o Random access st or age devices—permit direct
retrieval of desired data
o Contain a coating of magnetic material used for
data storage
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 Storage: H olding Data
for Future Use
• Plat t er s—rapidly rotating disks on which programs,
data, and processed results are stored
• Tr ack s—concentric bands on which data is recorded
o Are divided into sect or s
o Two or more sectors is a clust er.

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Storage: H olding Data
for Future Use

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 Storage: H olding Data
for Future Use
• The com put er ’s operat ing syst em
st ores a f ile’s nam e and it s locat ion on
t he disk in a t able.
• New t echnology f ile syst em ( NTFS)
o The present system used for tracking file locations in:
• Windows NT
• Windows 2000
• Windows XP
• Windows Vista
• Windows 7

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 Storage: H olding Data
for Future Use
• Par t it ions
o Portion of a hard disk set aside as if it were a
physically separate disk
o Often used to house different operating systems
o Allows users to use programs developed for different
systems

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 Storage: H olding Data
for Future Use
• Har d disk per f or m ance
o Affected by bad sect or s—damaged portions of the
disk that cannot reliably hold data
o Posit ioning per f or m ance—how quickly the
read/ write head can get into position to transfer
data
o Tr ansf er per f or m ance—how quickly the transfer
is made from the disk to storage

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 Storage: H olding Data
for Future Use
• Har d disk per f or m ance ( con’t .)
• o Disk cache—type of cache memory
• CPU looks here first before the hard disk
• Using the disk cache speeds up data retrieval

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 Storage: H olding Data
for Future Use
• Net w or k at t ached st or age ( NAS)
o Permits retrieval or storage of data by any computer connected to the
network

• Rem ot e st or age ( I nt er net har d dr ive)

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 Storage: H olding Data
for Future Use
• Flash drive (solid-st at e drive [ SSD] )
o Storage devices that use solid-state circuitry; have no moving
parts
o Increasing in use
• Flash m em or y
o Nonvolatile electronic memory stored in block s on a chip
o Limited to 100,000 write cycles

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 Storage: H olding Data
for Future Use
• Hybrid hard drives ( HHDs)
o Incorporate flash technology to speed up the boot process
• USB f lash drives ( m em or y st ick ,
t hum b drive, j u m p drive)
o Popular port able or rem ovable st orage devices
o Replace legacy technology of floppy disks and Zip disks
o Do not require a device driver
o Should be removed only when not actively in use

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 Storage: H olding Data
for Future Use
• CD dr ives and DVD dr ives
o Opt ical st or age devices
o Use laser beams to store data through:
• Pit s, the indentations, a binary 0
• Lands, the flat reflective areas, a binary 1
• Opt ical discs
o CD-ROM or DVD-ROM ( com pact or digit al video
disc r ead-only m em or y)
o Data can be read, not altered
o Most popular, least expensive

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Storage: H olding Data
for Future Use

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 Storage: H olding Data
for Future Use
Addit ional t ypes of opt ical st or age
o CD-R (CD-recordable) o DVD+ RW (DVD rewritable;
o CD-RW (CD-rewritable) plus)
o DVD+ R (DVD recordable; o DVD-RW (DVD rewritable;
plus) dash)
o DVD-R (DVD recordable; o BD-ROM (Blu-ray Disc read
dash) only)
o BD-R (BD recordable)
o BD-RE (BDisc rewritable)

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 Storage: H olding Data
for Future Use
• Solid-st at e st or age devices
o No moving parts
o Nonvolatile

• Expr essCar d
o Notebook accessory—size of a credit card
o Can be used as a modem, as extra memory, or
as a network adapter

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 Storage: H olding Data
for Future Use
• Flash m em or y
cards o Solid-state
storage device o Used with
MP3 players,
smartphones, digital cameras
• Flash m em or y reader
o Slot or compartment allows
access to files stored on the
card

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 Storage: H olding Data
for Future Use
• Sm art card/ chip
card/ int egrat ed
circuit card ( I CC)
o Combines flash memory with
a small microprocessor
o Stores and processes
information
o Digit al cash syst em —
smart card application
enables users to purchase a
prepaid amount of
electronically stored money

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