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    XML

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    arya_accent
    XML (eXtensible Markup Language) is a markup language used to carry structured data. It allows users to define their own tags. The key building blocks of XML are elements, attributes, parsed character data (PCDATA), and character data (CDATA). An XML document forms a tree structure with a root element and child elements. A document type definition (DTD) can be used to validate an XML document and define elements and attributes.

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    XML

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    253 views33 pages
    XML (eXtensible Markup Language) is a markup language used to carry structured data. It allows users to define their own tags. The key building blocks of XML are elements, attributes, parsed character data (PCDATA), and character data (CDATA). An XML document forms a tree structure with a root element and child elements. A document type definition (DTD) can be used to validate an XML document and define elements and attributes.

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    XML (eXtensible Markup Language) is a markup language used to carry structured data. It allows users to define their own tags. The key building blocks of XML are elements, attributes, parsed character data (PCDATA), and character data (CDATA). An XML document forms a tree structure with a root element and child elements. A document type definition (DTD) can be used to validate an XML document and define elements and attributes.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    253 views33 pages

    XML

    Uploaded by

    arya_accent
    XML (eXtensible Markup Language) is a markup language used to carry structured data. It allows users to define their own tags. The key building blocks of XML are elements, attributes, parsed character data (PCDATA), and character data (CDATA). An XML document forms a tree structure with a root element and child elements. A document type definition (DTD) can be used to validate an XML document and define elements and attributes.

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    m6 mm 

      m (XML)

    By:
    Anupam Kumar
    Outline of Presentation
     6ntroduction
     Comparison between XML and HTML
     Building Blocks of XML.
     XML Elements
     XML Tree
     XML Data 6sland
     DTD
     Summary.
    „ at is 6 
     6  stands for m6 mm 
      m
     Markup language for documents containing
    structured information
     XML is a markup language much like HTML
     XML was designed to carry data, not to
    display data
     XML tags are not predefined. You must
    define your own tags
     XML is designed to be self-descriptive.
    6 
     Based on Standard Generalized Markup
    Language (SGML)
     Version 1.0 introduced by World Wide Web
    Consortium (W3C) in 1998
     Bridge for data exchange on
    the Web
    {omparisons
    6   
     Extensible set of tags  Fixed set of tags
     XML was designed to  HTML was designed
    transport and store
    data, with focus on to display data, with
    what data is. focus on how data
     Standard Data looks
    infrastructure  No data validation
     Allows multiple output capabilities
    forms
     Single presentation
     White-space is
    Preserved in XML.  Not in HTML.
    9uilding blocks for 6 
     lements : are the main building blocks of
    both XML and HTML documents .
     ~ttributes : provide extra information
    about elements .
     P{ ~~ : Parsed character data, will be
    examined by parser for entities & markup.
     { ~~ : Character data is used about
    text data that should not be parsed by the
    6  parser.
    6  lements
     XML document must contain a root element. This
    element is parent of all other elements.
     An XML element is made up of a start tag, an end tag,
    and data in between.
     Example:
    <director> Matthew Dunn </director>
     Children on the same level are called siblings (brothers
    or sisters).
     XML tags are case-sensitive:
    <C6TY> <City> <city>
     XML can abbreviate empty elements, for example:
    <married> </married> can be abbreviated to
    <married/>
    6  lements({ont¶d)
     ntity References
    There are 5 predefined entity references in
    XML:
    6  lements
    (cont¶d)
     All elements must have an end tag.
     All elements must be cleanly nested
    (overlapping elements are not allowed).
    6  ~ttributes
     An attribute is a name-value pair
    separated by an equal sign (=) and
    attribute value must be in ³ ´.
     Example:
    <City Z6P=³94608´> Hyderabad </City>
     Attributes are used to attach additional,
    secondary information to an element.
    ase of lements vs
    ~ttributes

     Data can be stored in child elements or in


    attributes.
    Example:-
    <person sex="male">
    <firstname>Anupam</firstname>
    <lastname>Kumar</lastname>
    </person>
    This is same as
    ase of lements vs
    ~ttributes({ont¶d)
    <person>
    <sex>female</sex>
    <firstname>Anna</firstname>
    <lastname>Smith</lastname>
    </person>
    ~void using attributes
     Some of the problems with attributes are:
     attributes cannot contain multiple values
    (child elements can).
     attributes are not easily expandable (for
    future changes).
     attributes cannot describe structures (child
    elements can).
     attributes are more difficult to manipulate by
    program code.
     attribute values are not easy to test against
    a DTD.
    6  ree
    6  ree({ont¶d)
    <bookstore>
    <book category=³programming">
    <title lang ="en">Complete Reference
    To Java</title>
    <author> Balagurswamy</author>
    <year>2005</year>
    <price>250.00</price>
    </book>
    6  ree({ont¶d)
    <book category="CH6LDREN">
    <title lang="en">Harry Potter</title>
    <author>J K. Rowling</author>
    <year>2005</year>
    <price>600.00</price>
    </book>
    6  ree({ont¶d)
    <book category="WEB">
    <title lang ="en">Learning
    XML</title>
    <author>Erik T. Ray</author>
    <year>2003</year>
    <price>500.00</price>
    </book>
    </bookstore>
    6  ata Islands
     A data island is an XML document that exists
    within an HTML page.

     The <XML> element marks the beginning of


    the data island, and its 6D attribute provides a
    name that you can use to reference the data
    island.
    6  ata Islands
    ({ont¶d)
     Example:
    <XML 6D=³XML6D´>
    <customer>
    <name> Anupam Kumar</name>
    <cust6D> 1500712</cust6D>
    </customer>
    </XML>
    6  Validation

     XML with correct syntax is "Well Formed"


    XML.
     XML validated against a DTD is "Valid"
    XML.
     A "Valid" XML document is a "Well
    Formed" XML document, which also
    conforms to the rules of a Document
    Type Definition (DTD)
    ocument ype
    efinitions (  )
     An XML document may have an optional
    DTD.
     DTD serves as grammar for the underlying
    XML document, and it is part of XML
    language.
     DTD has the form:
    <!DOCTYPE name [mark up declaration]>
     (cont¶d)
    Consider an XML document:
    <db>
    <person gender =³male´>
    <name>Anupam</name>
    <age>24</age>
    <email>[email protected]</email>
    </person>
    <person>«««</person>
    </db>
     (cont¶d)
    DTD for it might be:
    <!DOCTYPE db [
    <!ELEMENT db (person*)>
    <!ELEMENT person (name, age, email)>
    <!ELEMENT name (#PCDATA)>
    <!ELEMENT age (#PCDATA)>
    <!ELEMENT email (#PCDATA)>
    <!ATTL6ST person gender CDATA
    #REQU6RED>
    ]>
     ({ont¶d)

     A DTD can be declared inline inside an


    XML document, or as an external
    reference.
     Internal  eclaration

     ternal  eclaration
     ({ont¶d)
     Internal  eclaration
    6f the DTD is declared inside the XML file,
    it should be wrapped in a DOCTYPE
    definition with the following syntax:
    <!DOCTYPE root-element [element-
    declarations]>

    ample:-
     ({ont¶d)
     <?xml version="1.0"?>
    <!DOCTYPE note [
    <!ELEMENT note (to,from,heading,body)>
    <!ELEMENT to (#PCDATA)>
    <!ELEMENT from (#PCDATA)>
    <!ELEMENT heading (#PCDATA)>
    <!ELEMENT body (#PCDATA)>
    ]>
    <note>
    <to>Hari</to>
    <from>Anupam</from>
    <heading>Reminder</heading>
    <body>Don't forget me this weekend</body>
    </note>
     ({ont¶d)
     ternal  eclaration
    6f the DTD is declared in an external file, it
    should be wrapped in a DOCTYPE
    definition with the following syntax:
    <!DOCTYPE root-element SYSTEM
    "filename">

    ample:-
     ({ont¶d)
    <?xml version="1.0"?>
    <!DOCTYPE note SYSTEM "note.dtd">
    <note>
    <to>Hari</to>
    <from>Anupam</from>
    <heading>Reminder</heading>
    <body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body>
    </note>
    And this is the file "note.dtd" which contains the DTD:
    <!ELEMENT note (to,from,heading,body)>
    <!ELEMENT to (#PCDATA)>
    <!ELEMENT from (#PCDATA)>
    <!ELEMENT heading (#PCDATA)>
    <!ELEMENT body (#PCDATA)>
     (cont¶d)
    Occurrence 6ndicator:
    Indicator Occurrence

    (no indicator) Required One and only


    one
    ? Optional None or one

    * Optional, None, one, or


    repeatable more
    + Required, One or more
    repeatable
     eclaring content
     eclaring eit er/or {ontent
     <!ELEMENT note
    (to,from,header,(message|body))>
     i.e. either message or body
     eclaring ied {ontent
     <!ELEMENT note
    (#PCDATA|to|from|header|message)*>
     note element can contain zero or more
    occurrences of parsed character data, "to",
    "from", "header", or "message" elements
     ~ttributes
     <!ATTL6ST element-name attribute-name
    attribute-type default-value>
     6n a DTD, attributes are declared with an
    ATTL6ST declaration.
     Example:
    <!ATTL6ST payment type CDATA "check">
    Then the XML example can be as follows:
    <payment type="check" />
     ~ttributes cont
    6  Summary
     XML can be used to exchange, share, and store
    data.
     XML documents form a tree structure that starts at
    "the root" and branches to "the leaves".
     XML has very simple syntax rules. XML with
    correct syntax is "Well Formed". Valid XML also
    validates against a DTD.
     All modern browsers have a built-in XML parser
    that can read and manipulate XML.
     Text inside a #PCDATA section is parsed by the
    parser.
     Text inside a CDATA section is ignored by the
    parser.

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