Nutrition Lecture Part 1

What Is Nutrition?
•The Dynamic process in which

the food that is consumed is
utilized for nourishing the body.
•Science that studies the

“Process by which living
organisms Acquire all the things
that are necessary for them to
Live and Grow.”
What is Dietetics?
•“This is practical application of the
principles of nutrition”.
•For example,
Planning meal of well and sick.
Planning meal of pregnant women.
Planning meal of Hypertensive,
Diabetic and Cardiac patients.
What is a
Nutrient
Nutrients are molecules in food that
all organisms need To make energy,
grow, develop, and reproduce.
Nutrients are digested and then

broken down into basic parts to be
used by the organism.
Importance:
•Some provide energy.
•All help to build cells and
tissues.
•Regulate bodily processes.
•No single food supplies all the
nutrients the body needs to
function.
Variables which affect
nutrient needs:
1. Age
2. Gender
3. Activity Level
4. Climate
5. Health
6. State of nutrition
Diseases From Diet Related
Causes
• Heart Disease
• Cancer
• Stroke
• Diabetes
• Accidents
• Respiratory Disease
• Suicide
• Kidney disease
Types of Nutrients
Macro Nutrients Micro Nutrients

• Organic in nature • Inorganic in nature
• Contain Carbon, Hydrogen, • Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and
Oxygen and Nitrogen Nitrogen are NOT PRESENT.
• For example, • For example,
Carbohydrates (C, H, O) Minerals (electrolytes)
Lipids (C, H, O) Water
Proteins (C, H, O, N)
Vitamins
Macro notion doesn’t mean these Micro notion doesn’t mean these
are require in Large amount are require in Small amount
Essential Nutrients
• “Nutrients that body not produce by-self & Require

its intake via food for use”.
• Essential nutrients can be grouped into six
categories:
Carbohydrate, protein, fat, vitamins, minerals, and
water.
• Macro and Micro BOTH Nutrients are Essential for
body and intake should be BALANCED.
• Water and minerals are micronutrients not
because you need them in much smaller
amounts.
• Smaller doesn’t mean unimportant:
Deficiencies in specific vitamins and minerals
can create massive problems.
• Interestingly, experts classify water as a
micronutrient (because it is INORGANIC),
even though you might drink liters or gallons
daily.
Nutrients that have
Calories:
 Proteins
 Carbohydrates
 Fats
Definition of a
•A unit of measure for energy in food.
Calorie:
•“Amount of Heat needed to Raise the
Temperature of 1g(1 ml) of water by 1°c” is called
Calorie.
•Food energy is measured in 1000-Calorie units.
•KiloCalorie is “Heat Energy needed to Raise the
temperature of 1000 g (1L) of water 1°c”.
Calories per gram:
Protein 1 Gram = 4
calories
Carbohydrates 1 Gram = 4
calories
Fat 1 Gram = 9 calories
Alcohol 1 Gram = 7 calories
Bomb Calorimeter
•Device used to measure the

calorie content of food and
beverages.
Proteins
Functions of Protein
•The main function of protein is to build

and repair body tissues.
•Body will use protein as an energy
source if carbohydrates and fats are not
present.
•We must eat protein daily to replace the
wear and tear on the body tissues.
Fats
Fats
•Support cell growth

•Energy
•Absorb nutrients
•Regulate hormones
• Fat often get a bad reputation, but recent research
has shown that healthy fats are an important part
of a healthy diet.
• Fat supports many body’s functions such as
vitamin and mineral absorption, blood clotting,
building cells, and muscle movement.
• Fat is high in calories, but those calories are an
important energy source for body.
• The Dietary Guidelines for Americans Trusted
Source recommends that 20 to 35 percent of your
daily calories come from fats.
• Healthy sources
• The most famous unsaturated fats are omega-3
and omega-6 fatty acids. Unsaturated fats are
important for body as they provide essential fatty
acids your body can’t make. You can find these
healthy fats in nuts, seeds, fish, and vegetable oils
(like olive oil).
• Avoid trans fats and limit your intake of saturated
animal-based fats like butter, cheese, red meat, and
ice cream.
Carbohydrates
Minerals
• Body building-----teeth and bones

• Control of body process especially nervous system
• Essential part for body fluids and cells
• Form part of enzymes and other proteins necessary for the release of
energy
Water
Functions of Water
• Transport nutrients
• Carries away wastes
• Moistens eyes,nose,mouth,hydrates skin
• Acts as an insulator
• Helps with digestion
• Lubricates joints
Does Diet Matter? (Importance)
• Nutrition is Science of food and its relationship to

Health.
• It plays important role in the Promotion and
maintenance of Health (Not only for physical growth
and development but also for the intellectual
development).
• It gives knowledge about diet related infections.
• It plays important role in the Prevention of
Morbidity and Mortality (Diseases & Death).
Does Diet Matter? (Importance)
• AT global level, Promotion of proper Nutrition is

Element of Primary Health Care.
• Malnutrition and under nutrition ( directly
responsible for certain specific nutritional deficiency
disease) are the greatest International health
problems.
Definitions of Health Terms:
Nutrition
• Amino Acids
• Amino acids are the building blocks of
proteins. The body produces many amino
acids and others come from food. The body
absorbs amino acids through the small
intestine into the blood. Then the blood
carries them throughout the body.
• Blood Glucose
• Glucose — also called blood sugar — is the main sugar
found in the blood and the main source of energy for your
body.
• Cholesterol
• Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance that’s found in all
cells of the body. Your body makes all the cholesterol it
needs. However, cholesterol also is found in some of the
foods you eat. High levels of cholesterol in the blood can
increase your risk of heart disease.
Source: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
• Dehydration
• Dehydration is a condition that happens when you do not
take in enough liquids to replace those that you lose. You
can lose liquids through frequent urinating, sweating,
diarrhea, or vomiting. When you are dehydrated, your body
does not have enough fluid and electrolytes to work
properly.
Source: NIH MedlinePlus
• Diet
• Your diet is made up of what you eat and drink. There are
many different types of diets, such as vegetarian diets,
weight loss diets, and diets for people with certain health
problems.
• Dietary Supplements
• A dietary supplement is a product you take to
supplement your diet. It contains one or more
dietary ingredients (including vitamins; minerals.
• Digestion
• Digestion is the process the body uses to break
down food into nutrients. The body uses the
nutrients for energy, growth, and cell repair.
• Electrolytes
• Electrolytes are minerals in body fluids. They
include sodium, potassium, magnesium, and
chloride. When you are dehydrated, your body
does not have enough fluid and electrolytes.
• Enzymes
• Enzymes are substances that speed up chemical
reactions in the body.
Source: National Institute of Diabetes and
Digestive and Kidney Diseases
• Fatty Acid
• Fatty acid is a major component of fats that is used by the
body for energy and tissue development.
Source: National Cancer Institute
• Fiber
• Fiber is a substance in plants. Dietary fiber is the kind you
eat. It's a type of carbohydrate. You may also see it listed on
a food label as soluble fiber or insoluble fiber. Both types
have important health benefits. Fiber makes you feel full
faster, and stay full for a longer time. That can help you
control your weight. It helps digestion and helps prevent
constipation.
• HDL
• HDL stands for high-density lipoproteins. It is also known as
“good” cholesterol. HDL is one of the two types of
lipoproteins that carry cholesterol throughout your body. It
carries the cholesterol from other parts of your body back
to your liver. Your liver removes the cholesterol from your
body.
Source: National Heart, Lung, and Blood institute
• LDL
• LDL stands for low-density lipoproteins. It is also known as
“bad” cholesterol. LDL is one of the two types of
lipoproteins that carry cholesterol throughout your body. A
high LDL level leads to a buildup of cholesterol in your
arteries.
• Metabolism
• Metabolism is the process your body uses to get or
make energy from the food you eat.
• What is the daily calorie requirement of an adult
with average body weight?
• a). 1500 calories.
b). 2000 calories.
c). 3000 calories.
d). 2500 calories.
The building blocks of proteins are
polymers of?
a). Glucose.
b). Vitamins.
c).Amino Acids.
d). Starch.
• Which of the following food item believed to be
complete meal or balanced diet?
a). Vegetables.
b). Fruits.
c). Milk.
d). Honey.
• Post partum hemorrhage is the loss of blood which
is more than?
200ml.
300 ml.
400ml.
500ml.
• A substance needed by the body for growth,
energy, repair and maintenance is called
• A: nutrient
• B: carbohydrate
• C: calorie
• D: fatty acid
• All of the following are nutrients found in food except
• A : plasma
B: proteins
C: carbohydrates
D: vitamins

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What Is Nutrition?

•The Dynamic process in which

•Science that studies the

Nutrients are digested and then

Macro Nutrients Micro Nutrients

• “Nutrients that body not produce by-self & Require

•Device used to measure the

•The main function of protein is to build

•Support cell growth

• Body building-----teeth and bones

• Nutrition is Science of food and its relationship to

• AT global level, Promotion of proper Nutrition is

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