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    Histology of Nervous Tissue 2010

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    Ramesh Kumar
    This document discusses the histology of nervous tissue. It describes the key cell types - neurons and neuroglia. Neurons are specialized to conduct electrical impulses and communicate via synapses. Neuroglia provide support and insulation. The major neuroglia types are astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, Schwann cells and satellite cells. Myelin forms an insulating sheath around axons and increases impulse transmission speed. The nervous system comprises the central and peripheral divisions.

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    Histology of Nervous Tissue 2010

    Uploaded by

    Ramesh Kumar
    167 views39 pages
    This document discusses the histology of nervous tissue. It describes the key cell types - neurons and neuroglia. Neurons are specialized to conduct electrical impulses and communicate via synapses. Neuroglia provide support and insulation. The major neuroglia types are astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, Schwann cells and satellite cells. Myelin forms an insulating sheath around axons and increases impulse transmission speed. The nervous system comprises the central and peripheral divisions.

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    This document discusses the histology of nervous tissue. It describes the key cell types - neurons and neuroglia. Neurons are specialized to conduct electrical impulses and communicate via synapses. Neuroglia provide support and insulation. The major neuroglia types are astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, Schwann cells and satellite cells. Myelin forms an insulating sheath around axons and increases impulse transmission speed. The nervous system comprises the central and peripheral divisions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    167 views39 pages

    Histology of Nervous Tissue 2010

    Uploaded by

    Ramesh Kumar
    This document discusses the histology of nervous tissue. It describes the key cell types - neurons and neuroglia. Neurons are specialized to conduct electrical impulses and communicate via synapses. Neuroglia provide support and insulation. The major neuroglia types are astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, Schwann cells and satellite cells. Myelin forms an insulating sheath around axons and increases impulse transmission speed. The nervous system comprises the central and peripheral divisions.

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    of 39

    Histology of Nervous

    Tissue

    PROF. DR. FAUZIAH OTHMAN


    DEPT OF HUMAN ANATOMY
     Feature of nerves tissue
     Type of cell: neuron & neuroglia
     General feature of neuron
     Type of neuroglia: astrocyte, oligodendrocyte,
    ependymal cell, microglia
     Synapses
     Myelin – formation & function
     General structure of peripheral nerves
     Ganglia – dorsal root ganglia
     & autonomic ganglia
     Nervous system divided into:

     Central nervous system (CNS)


    Brain and spinal cord

     Peripheral nervous system (PNS)


     Cranial and spinal nerves – locate outside the CNS.
    Morphology of typical neuron
     Neuron functional cell of the nervous tissue.

     Cell body or perikaryon - contains the nucleus – regulates


    the functioning of the neuron.
     Numerous dendrites and a single axon.
     Contains Nissl bodies in the cytoplasm
     Axon hillock- no Nissl bodies

     Axon – cellular process (extension) – carries impulses away


    from the cell body.

     Dendrites – cellular process (extension) – carries impulses


    toward the cell body
    2 types of cell

    i) Neurons (nerve cells)


    ii) Supporting cells

    Functions of neurons

    1) specialized to receive stimuli and to conduct electrical


    impulses to other parts of the system.
    2) Arranged as an integrated communications network, with
    several neurons in a chain-like fashion involved in sending
    impulses from one part of the system to another.
    Neuron Classification

     Structural:
     Multipolar – most common type in CNS.
     Include all motor neurons and interneurons of brain and
    spinal cord.

     Bipolar- not as common purely sensory.


     Retina of eye, inner ear, olfactory epithelium in the
    upper region of nose.

     Unipolar (formerly known as pseudounipolar)


     Sensory neurons found in numerous craniosacral ganglia
    of the spinal cord.
    Comparison of Structural Classes
    of Neurons
    Comparison of Structural Classes of
    Neurons
    Comparison of Structural Classes of
    Neurons
    Unipolar neuron
    Nucleus &
    nucleolus

    Cytoplasm

    fibrocytes

    Satellite
    cells

    Cytoplasm of
    neuron

    Myelinated axons
    The supporting cells (neuroglia or
    glia):

     Astrocytes
     Oligodendrocytes
    CNS
     Microglial cells
     Ependymal cells
     Schwann cells
     Satellite cells PNS
    Astrocytes

     Largest, most numerous, versatile, and


    highly branched glial cells
     They cling to neurons and cover capillaries
     Functionally, they:
     Support and brace neurons
     Anchor neurons to their nutrient supplies
     Guide migration of young neurons
     Control the chemical environment
    Astrocytes
    Microglia

     Microglia – smallest, ovoid cells with spiny processes


    - phagocytic cells that migrate through the CNS and
    remove foreign and degenerated material
    Ependymal Cells
     Ependymal cells – squamous- to columnar-
    shaped cells
     They line the central cavities of the brain and
    spinal column
    Oligodendrocytes

     Oligodendrocytes – branched cells that wrap CNS


    nerve fibers
    - Produce myelin in CNS
    Schwann Cells and Satellite Cells

     Schwann cells (neurolemmocytes) – form myelin


    sheaths around peripheral axons

     Satellite cells surround neuron cell bodies with


    ganglia
    Synapse
     The region where the terminals come close to
    another cell and transmit the impulse

     A junction that mediates information transfer from one


    neuron:
     To another neuron

     To an effector cell
     Presynaptic neuron – conducts impulses toward the synapse
     Postsynaptic neuron – transmits impulses away from the
    synapse
    Myelin – formation & function
     Whitish, fatty (protein-lipid), segmented
    sheath around most long axons
     Its function:
    1. Protection of the axon
    2. Electrically insulating fibers from one
    another
    3. Increasing the speed of nerve impulse
    transmission
    2 types of neuroglia produce
    myelin
     CNS= Oligodendrocyte
     PNS= Schwann cells

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