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Direct Shear Test

This document describes a case study on large box direct shear testing of municipal solid waste (MSW) samples from four landfill pit locations in New Delhi. Key findings from the consolidated undrained direct shear tests include: 1) Shear strength parameters of apparent cohesion and effective friction angle increased with increasing normal stress levels. 2) Composition analysis found biodegradable waste comprised 40-45% of samples, with inert materials like plastic and paper making up around 30%. 3) Unit weight of samples increased with rising normal consolidation stresses, showing compression of the waste mass. 4) Shear stress-displacement curves exhibited strain hardening behavior for all pit samples tested. 5)

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Lalit Pathak
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87 views21 pages

Direct Shear Test

This document describes a case study on large box direct shear testing of municipal solid waste (MSW) samples from four landfill pit locations in New Delhi. Key findings from the consolidated undrained direct shear tests include: 1) Shear strength parameters of apparent cohesion and effective friction angle increased with increasing normal stress levels. 2) Composition analysis found biodegradable waste comprised 40-45% of samples, with inert materials like plastic and paper making up around 30%. 3) Unit weight of samples increased with rising normal consolidation stresses, showing compression of the waste mass. 4) Shear stress-displacement curves exhibited strain hardening behavior for all pit samples tested. 5)

Uploaded by

Lalit Pathak
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Large Box Direct Shear Test of

Municipal Solid Waste: A Case


Study
Lalit Mohan Pathak and Sharique Khan
ATES, Aimil Limited
INTRODUCTION
• Over 377 million urban people live in 7,935 towns
and cities and generate 62 million tonnes of
municipal solid waste per annum.
• As per Energy Alternatives India, the MSW
generation is estimated to increase at the rate of
5% per annum.
• The increased waste generation and improper
dumping of waste at landfill sites will lead to
landfill slope failures causing loss of life and
degradation of surrounding environment.
SHEAR STRENGTH OF MSW
• Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion, can be used
to study the behavior of MSW in landfill
stability analysis.
SHEAR STRENGTH OF MSW
The shear strength characteristics of MSW can be summarized as follows:
• Increase in shear strength of MSW with increase in confining pressure in a
non-linear way;
• The fibrous material present in the waste gives rise to an equivalent
cohesion at very low confining pressure;
• Presence of plastic bags, paper and cardboard reduces friction angle (φ);
• An increasing fraction of soil-like, gravel and inert waste increases the
friction angle (φ);
• There is no change in strength due to variation of density;
• There is an increase in friction angle and decrease in cohesion with the
age of waste material;
• There is a noticeable hardening observed in the shear stress-strain curve
and a horizontal asymptotic level is generally not obtained even with large
deformations.
WHY DIRECT SHEAR TEST?
• Direct Shear Test is one of the standard tests employed for the
estimation of shear strength properties of MSW.
• Samples with large particle sizes can be tested with relative
ease;
• The sample can be made to shear in a predefined plane;
• Consolidation is relatively one-dimensional (Ko-consolidation);
• Preparation of sample and test conditions influence test
results;
• The test operation is relatively simple and easy;
OUR CASE STUDY
• Consolidated Undrained Direct Shear Tests were conducted
on MSW samples obtained from a landfill site located in New
Delhi.
• Landfill MSW samples were collected from four different pit
locations.
SAMPLE PREPARATION
• The samples were air dried and properly
segregated.
• Particle size greater than 50 mm diameter
including inert wastes such as glass pieces,
plastic bottles, metal parts and other organic
biodegradable wastes such as garden wastes
were removed before testing the specimen.
COMPOSITION OF SAMPLE
Composition (% by dry mass)
Category
Pit-02 Pit-09 Pit-14 Pit-04

Biodegradables 42.8 43.1 40.6 45.2

Paper 9.5 9.9 9.6 7.9

Inert Waste 28.2 21.3 27.3 28.6

Others (Residual 19.5 25.7 22.5 18.3


Fines)
GENERAL PROPERTIES

Moisture Content Dry Density Organic Content


Properties
(%) (gm/cc) (%)

Range 52.43 – 57.82 0.735 - 0.820 6.20 – 9.10


APPARATUS - LARGE BOX DST
• Box size of 300 x 300mm and depth 200mm.
• Developed in-house by Aimil
• Capable of strain controlled semi-automatic load application
• Real-time logging of load and displacements in both
directions.
• All instrumentation data can be displayed digitally and output
can be interfaced graphically with a personal computer during
testing.
• Both Drained & Undrained Test can be carried out.
APPARATUS
PRE-CONSOLIDATION STAGE
• The samples were compacted using a tamping
rod in three different layers in the shear box
before consolidation process.
PRE-CONSOLIDATION STAGE
APPLIED LOADING
Normal Stress, kPa
Shearing Rate,
Sample ID During During
mm/min
Consolidation Shearing
50 50
Pit 02
100 100
&
Pit 09 200 200
0.6
Pit 14 100 100
& 200 200
Pit 04 400 400
RESULT & DISCUSSION
UNIT WEIGHT
Total Unit Weight
Applied vertical Before After
Sample ID stress Consolidation Consolidation
(kPa) (kN/m3) (kN/m3)

50 13.3
Pit 02 100 14.3
200 15.4
50 13.3
Pit 09 100 11.6 14.8
200 16.0
100 14.5
Pit 14 200 15.7
400 16.2
100 13.3
Pit 04 200 12.5 13.5
400 14.4
SHEAR STRESS v/s DISPLACEMENT
CURVE
SHEAR STRENGTH ENVELOPE
SHEAR STRENGTH PARAMETERS
Peak Shear
Effective
Applied Stress at 25 mm Apparent
friction angle,
Sample ID vertical stress shear cohesion, cˊ
Φˊ
(kPa) displacement (kPa)
(°)
(kPa)
50 36.00
Pit 02 100 60.30 8.3 27.5
200 116.60
50 34.10
Pit 09 100 60.20 8.8 25.6
200 106.00
100 62.70
Pit 14 200 118.40 7.4 28.8
400 225.00
100 69.50
Pit 04 200 127.50 14.5 30.1
400 247.00
CONCLUSION
• The test results show close conformity with
the below mentioned facts:
– Due to presence of lower percentage of Paper &
Plastic wastes, Pit-04 sample has a slightly higher
Φ value.
– High Organic content led to an increase in the
apparent cohesion in Pit-04 sample.
– Strain Hardening behavior was observed in all the
samples.
THANK YOU

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