Junil Adri

NIM. 19193018
IMPORTANT POINTS IN THIS capter
What is the definition of
research?

is the process steps used to collect and analyze

the information to improve our understanding of
a topic or issue

Step in research

Collect data to
Present answer
Asking question answer that
to that question
question
a systematic process to acquire knowledge (to discover knowledge) and solving problem
(Problem solving) education through scientific methodBoth in collection and analysis of data, as
well as to formulate a generalization based on the interpretation of the data.

SCIENTIFIC METHOD

The scientific method is a method that uses the principles of science

(sistematis –empiris –objektif )
Adding Research Knowledge
Educators strive for continuous improvement. This requireshandle problems or
issues and seek solutions potential.
Add knowledge means that educators do research to contribute information
about potential solutions.
Add knowledge means that educators do research to contribute information
about issues that exist.
We all aware of the pressing educational issues being debated at the moment,
such as integration AIDS education into the school curriculum.

research Improves Practice

Research important because it shows improvement for practice.

Armed with research, teachers and other educators be professionals more effective

The research also helps the research helps educators practice

practitioner to evaluate approaches building connections with educators
Research Informing Policy Debates

In addition to helping educators become better practitioners, the study also provides
information to makers Policy when they study and debate the topic of education.
maker policies can range from employees government federal and state workers to the local
school board members and administrators, and they discuss and taking positions on important
education issues for constituents.
1. Identify the research problem
INDICATORS PROBLEM
If anything, events, or phenomena that occur casts doubt or uncertainty,

If there is a gap between expectations (something to be desired, which is

dassolen) about something with reality (dassein).

If the ways of thinking of different yield opposite conclusions.

In the event of threatening events (such as epidemics, floods, landslides,

moral decadence, etc.).
2. Reviewing the literature
Reviewing the literature means find a summary, books, journals, and publications
indexed on a topic;

selectively choose the literature and enter in reviews and then summarize the literature
in a written report.

3. Determining Objectives
Research purposes consists of identifying the main purpose or goal to study and
narrowing into purpose consisted of identifying the main purpose or purpose to study
and narrowing The question specific research or hypothesis

Purpose research formulated in "sentence statement"About the answers sought to

"question".
4. Collecting data
Collecting data means identifying and selecting individuals for the collection steps or
collecting data.

gather data means to identify and select individuals for the study, obtained permission
to study it, and collect the information by asking questions or observing their behavior.

5. Analyzing and Interpreting Data

Analyzing the meaning of the transformation process activity data obtained through
research.

Meenafsirkan the data is an activity which combines the results of the analysis with the
statement, criteria, or certain standard to find the meaning of the data collected to
answer problems in research.
6, Reporting and Evaluation Research
Reporting
involve regulation reports in a format that can be accepted public, And then write
reports in a way that is sensitive to all reader

evaluation Research
involve penialaian quality research using the standard proposed by the individual in
education.
Unfortunately, There are no strict standards for evaluating educational research in the
research community academic
 The first article is a quantitative research while the
second is a qualitative research. Both articles were
chosen because they are a good representation of the
second track and the research they describe their
inner good procedure of research. They will become
the reference frame for each step in the research
process to track the quantitative and qualitative,

Quantitative: Deslandes, R., & Bertrand, R. (2005). The

motivation of the parents involvement in the secondary
school level. Journal of Educational Research, 98 (3), 164-
175.

Qualitative: Shelden, DL, Angell, ME, Stoner, JB, &

Roseland, BD (2010) .kepala schools in influencing
confidence: Perspectives mothers of children with
disabilities. Journal of Educational Research, 103, 159-170.
Describing the research problems through the description or the need for an explanation of
the relationship between variables

Give a major role to justify research problems and create a need for direction research

Make a statement of purpose, and specific hypotheses, narrow, scalable, and can be
observed

Collect numerical data from a large number of people who use the instrument with
predetermined questions and responses

Analyze, compare, or related variables using statistical analysis, and interpreting the results
by comparing with previous prediction and research of the past

Writing research reports using a standard, structure, criteria evaluation, and takes aim,
approach research
Society & Culture
• LOOKS
civic institutions
• CAN OBSERVABLE

Group •CAN BE CONCEPTUALIZED

• BE MEASURED
Individual
 survey

Description

Case study
Research
Quantitative
survey

explanation

Experiment
In qualitative research, we see the main characteristics that differ at each stage of the research
process:

Exploring the problem and develop a detailed understanding of the phenomena center

Having a review of the literature plays a small role, but correct a problem

Stated objectives and research questions in general and wide so that all participants experience

The collection of data based on the words of a small number of individuals so that the views of
participants obtained

Analyzing the data for description and themes using text analysis and interpret the larger
meaning of the findings

Using flexible report writing, structure and evaluative criteria

1. When problem research not yet clear, still dim
even still dark
2. Want understand mean in return data appear
3. Understand interaction social that complex
4. Understand feeling person
5. Develop theory
6. constructing phenomenon
7. Ensure truth data
8. research history development
 Is penelithen aims for describe and analyze fenomena, peristiwa or activity
social that take place in community,
 Characteristically inductive Where researcher let issues appear from data field
or allowed open for interpretable,

Method - method in research qualitative

Method Qualitative interactive : Method Qualitative non interactive :

1. Study Ethnography 1. analysis Concept
2. Studies Historical 2. analysis Historical
3. Studies fenomologis 3. analysis Policy
4. Studies critical
5. Studies case
 Difference Method Qualitative with method quantitative
1. Based on type data 8. based on relationship variables
2. based on Purpose 9. based on use
3. Berasarkan Object research
4. based on Instrument that be used
5. based on orientation
6. based on Process
7. based on character reality
Picture above illustrates how the steps in the research process related with quantitative and
Qualitative by the researchers education
Research design is specific procedures involved in the research process: data collection, analysis, and
report writing

experimental design too called the study intervention or the comparative study group.
procedure in quantitative research where investigators determine whether an activity or
make a material difference in the results for the participants.
You assess the impact of this by giving one group a set of activities (called intervention) and
holding a set of other groups

Procedure in quantitative research where researchers measured levels association (or

relationship) Between two or more variables using statistical procedures of analysis
correlational.
The survey design in quantitative research in which you manage a survey or questionnaire
to a small group of people (the so-called tasting) to identify trends in attitudes, opinions,
behaviors, or characteristic of a large group of people (called population).

qualitative procedure the use of researchers to produce general explanation (based on the
views of participants, called grounded theory) that explains the process, action or
interaction between people.
Procedure to develop this theory include mainly the collection of interview data, develop
and related categories (or themes) information, and compile numbers or visual models
that describe the general explanation. In this way, an explanation that is "grounded" in the
data of the participants. From this description, you build predictive statements about
individual experiences
design Ethnography procedure qualitative to describe, analyze, and interpret patterns of
these cultural groups shared attitudes, beliefs, and languages evolve over time.
In ethnography, researchers provide a detailed overview of the culture-sharing group,
drawing on various sources of information. ethnographer also describes the group in its
setting, exploring themes or issues that develop over time as a group of interacting, and
details of group portraits.

research design narrative Qualitative procedure in which researchers describes the life of
an individual, gathering and talked about life people, and write narratives about their
experiences,
In education, the story is often associated with classroom experiences in school or school
activities.
mixed method design is combination of both forms of data provide a better understanding
of the research problem of data quantitative or qualitative itself.
method design mix procedure to collect, analyze, and combining data in both quantitative
and qualitative in a single study or in a series of multiphase studies.

As a mixed method research, action research designs often utilize data quantitative and
qualitative, but they more focus the procedure is useful in overcoming practical problems
in schools and classrooms.
 Before participating in the study, individuals need to know purpose of research, how the
results will be used, and the social consequences of the possibility of the study will have
on their lives,
The subject was also have the right to refuse to participate in research and to withdraw at
any time.
When they participate and provide information, their anonymity protected and
guaranteed by the researcher, Individuals will not be offered financial inducements
excessive to participate in the project. Participants also have the right to get something
from a study.

Ethical practices throughout the Research Process

ethics is complex problem that involves more than simply follow static set of guidelines
such as from professional associations or in accordance with the guidelines of the
campus institutional review boards,
Ethics has become broader idea that stretches from the origins of its research studies to
complete and distribution. Ethics should be the primary consideration not an
afterthought, and should be at the forefront of the agenda of researchers
ethical issues appear in data collection and related to specific types of design research.
You not need deliberate eliminating some of the participants only to publish positive
results, or failed to disclose the purpose of the study to the participants.

Data should be reported honest, without change findings to meet the specific predictions
or interest groups.
Maybe for principal investigator provide people in the study site with early copies of any
publication.
apart the study was completed by others should not be plagiarizedAnd credit must be
given to the material cited from other studies.
The researchers looked at problems as a puzzle for be solved,
Steps in the research process is seen as a series of pieces requester puzzle assembling,

although we designing time to complete the tasks that we love, our attention spans of
course vary from task to task. The research process involves six stepsthat needs to have
some term 6 months or more.

research requires that you use the skill in finding studies, summarize, and wrote a review
of the literature. These skills are developed duringresearch.
Researchers can not escape from the ever-present aspects of writing as a key aspect of the
research.
As writers, we are working through the draft, received a reaction from others, and develop
new concepts. The study involves writing to an audience study