Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 204 views

    Switchyard

    Uploaded by

    Aafaque Qureshi
    A switchyard is a switching station that connects power generation plants to transmission systems. It steps up or down voltage levels and switches reactive power control devices to impact power quality. Key equipment in switchyards include lightning arrestors, transformers, bus bars, isolators, circuit breakers, and earth switches. Different bus switching schemes like single sectionalized, main and transfer, and sectionalized double main and transfer are used depending on factors like system security, flexibility, and cost.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Switchyard

    Uploaded by

    Aafaque Qureshi
    204 views33 pages
    A switchyard is a switching station that connects power generation plants to transmission systems. It steps up or down voltage levels and switches reactive power control devices to impact power quality. Key equipment in switchyards include lightning arrestors, transformers, bus bars, isolators, circuit breakers, and earth switches. Different bus switching schemes like single sectionalized, main and transfer, and sectionalized double main and transfer are used depending on factors like system security, flexibility, and cost.

    Original Description:

    switchyard

    Original Title

    switchyard

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    A switchyard is a switching station that connects power generation plants to transmission systems. It steps up or down voltage levels and switches reactive power control devices to impact power quality. Key equipment in switchyards include lightning arrestors, transformers, bus bars, isolators, circuit breakers, and earth switches. Different bus switching schemes like single sectionalized, main and transfer, and sectionalized double main and transfer are used depending on factors like system security, flexibility, and cost.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    204 views33 pages

    Switchyard

    Uploaded by

    Aafaque Qureshi
    A switchyard is a switching station that connects power generation plants to transmission systems. It steps up or down voltage levels and switches reactive power control devices to impact power quality. Key equipment in switchyards include lightning arrestors, transformers, bus bars, isolators, circuit breakers, and earth switches. Different bus switching schemes like single sectionalized, main and transfer, and sectionalized double main and transfer are used depending on factors like system security, flexibility, and cost.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 33
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The key takeaways are that a switchyard acts as the main link between the generating plant and transmission system and can step up or down voltage levels. It also allows for switching of reactive power control devices.

    Some of the main components commonly found in a switchyard include lightening arrestors, current transformers, voltage transformers, power transformers, bus bars, support structures, isolators, circuit breakers, wave traps and earthing switches.

    The different types of bus bar schemes discussed include single sectionalized bus, main and transfer bus, sectionalized main bus with transfer bus, sectionalized double main and transfer bus, and one and a half breaker scheme.

    Switchyard

    What is a Switchyard ?

    It is a switching station which has the following credits :


    (i) Main link between Generating plant and
    Transmission system,
    which has a large influence on the security
    of the supply.
    (ii) Step-up and/or Step-down the voltage
    levels depending upon
    the Network Node.
    (iii) Switching ON/OFF Reactive Power Control
    devices, which
    has effect on Quality of power.
    SWITCHYARD EQUIPMENTS
    Equipments commonly found in switchyard :
    1. Lightening arrestor
    2. Current transformer
    3. Voltage transformer (CVT)
    4. Power transformers / I.C.T.
    5. Bus bar and clamp fittings
    6. Support structure
    7. Isolators
    8. Circuit Breaker
    9. Wave traps
    10. Earthing switch
    Bus Switching Schemes

    Bus Bar Schemes

    * Single Sectionalized bus

    * Main & Transfer bus

    * Sectionalized Main bus with Transfer bus

    * Sectionalized Double Main & Transfer bus

    * One and Half Breaker Scheme


    Single Sectionalized
    Bus-bar system
    I/C Feeders

    CB

    Bus-bar

    Isolators

    O/G Feeders
    Main & Transfer Bus-bar system

    I/C Feeders

    CB

    Transfer Bus

    Bus Coupler

    Main Bus

    Isolators
    Switchyard Single line Diagram
    Transfer Bus 400 KV

    Main Bus II

    Main Bus I

    Bus
    Isolator

    CB
    CB CB

    Transfer Bus
    Bay

    GT
    21/400KV
    Gen Bay Feeder Bay
    Factors effecting the selection of
    Switching Scheme

    * System Security
    * Operational Flexibility
    * Simplicity of Protection arrangements
    * Ability to limit the Short Circuit levels
    * Maintenance
    * Ease of extension
    * Total land area
    * Cost
    PICTORIAL VIEW OF 400KV SWITCHYARD AT VSTPS
    400KV SHUNT REACTOR
    Types of Circuit Breakers:
    400 KV Switchyard:
    1.Air Blast Circuit Circuit Breakers (ABB Make)
    2.SF6 Circuit Breakers (Pneumatically Operated)-
    CGL Make
    3.SF6 Circuit Breaker (Pneumatically Operated)- ABB Make

    4.SF6 Circuit Breaker (Hydraulic Operated)- BHEL


    Make
    5. SF6 Circuit Breaker (Spring Operated)- ASEA
    (Sweaden) Make.
    400KV SF6 CIRCUIT BREAKER WITHOUT PIR
    400KV SF6 CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH PIR
    132 KV Switchyard:

    1. SF6 Circuit Breaker (Pneumatically Operated)- ABB Make.

    2. SF6 Circuit Breaker (Hydraulic Operated)- BHEL Make

    3. SF6 Circuit Breaker (Spring Operated)- BHEL Make

    4.SF6 Circuit Breaker (Spring Operated)- ALSTOM Make


    FEATURES OF ISOLATORS

    • OPERATES UNDER NO LOAD CONDITION


    • INTERLOCKED WITH BREAKERS AND
    EARTHSWITCHES
    • SHOULD WITHSTAND EXTREME WIND
    PRESSURES
    • MOTOR DRIVEN AND HAND DRIVEN
    • LOCAL AS WELL AS REMOTE OPERATION
    POSSIBLE
    • ISOLATES SECTIONS FOR MAINTENANCE
    • USED TO SELECT BUS BARS
    • CT SWITCHING FOR BUS BAR PROTECTION
    Pantograph Isolator:-
    400KV HORIZONTAL CENTRAL BREAK TYPE
    ISOLATOR
    Current transformers

     Purpose :
    - To step-down the high magnitude of current
    to a safe value to incorporate Measuring and
    Protection logics
    • Current transformers are used for the
    instrumentation, protection or metering of power
    systems.
    400KV CT
    CAPACITIVE VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER
    • Primary voltage is applied to a series of
    capacitors group. The voltage across one
    of the capacitor is taken to aux PT. The
    secondary of the aux PT is taken for
    measurement and protection.

    SECONDARY VOLTAGES(110 VOLTS AC) FOR


    METERS AND ENERGY METERS
    • VOLTAGES FOR PROTECTIVE RELAYS
    • VOLTAGES FOR SYNCHRONIZING
    • DISTURBANCE RECORDERS AND EVENT LOGS
    • OVERFLUX RELAYS
    CVT internals :
    Bus

    Insulators which
    acts as Capacitors

    Intermediate PT

    P S
    400KV CVT
    Lightning Arrestors
     Purpose :
    - To discharge the high voltage surges in the
    power
    system due to lightning to the ground.
     Apparatus to be protected :
    * Overhead lines………Earth/Ground wires
    (PA=30 deg)
    * HV equipment………LAs
    * Substation…………...Lightning Masts, Earth
    wires
    SURGE ARRESTOR
    Earth Switches
    FEATURES OF EARTH SWITCHES
    • USED TO GROUND SECTIONS REQUIRED FOR
    MAINTENANCE
    • GROUND INDUCTION VOLTAGES
    • INTERLOCKED WITH BREAKERS AND ISOLATORS
    • CAN OPERATE FROM LOCAL ONLY
    • MOTOR DRIVEN AS WELL AS HAND DRIVEN
    • SAFETY DEVICE
    Source
    Isolator Isolator Load
    CB

    Earth S/W
    BASIC ARRANGEMENT OF WAVE TRAP AND
    COUPLING CAPACITOR
    POWER FREQ -50 KHZ
    LINE

    WAVE TRAP >500KHZ NOISE PICKUP


    2ΠFL <30KHZ-HARMONIC
    C=1/2ΠFC LIGHTENING,CORONA

    30KHZ TO 500KHZ
    STATION BUS
    LMU IMPEDENCE 75 OHMS

    PLC
    C
    THANK YOU

    You might also like