TKT COURSE
MODULES:
MODULE 1 : LANGUAGE AND BACKGROUND TO
LANGUAGE LEARNING AND TEACHING.
MODULE 2: LESSON PLANNING AND USE OF RESOURCES
FOR LANGUAGE TEACHING.
MODULE 3: MANAGING THE TEACHING AND LEARNING
PROCESS.
TYPES OF TASKS:
1- MULTIPLE CHOICE TASKS.
2- ODD ONE OUT TASKS.
3- SEQUENCING TASKS.
4- MATCHING TASKS.
WHAT IS LANGUAGE?
GRAMMAR
LEXIS
PHONOLOGY
FUNCTIONS
WHAT THREE THINGS NEED TO TAKE PLACE
FOR SUCCESSFU LANGUAGE LEARNING?
EXPOSURE
INTERACTION
FOCUS ON FORM
WHAT IS GRAMMAR?
IT
IS HOW WE COMBINE, ORGANISE, AND CHANGE
PARTS OF THE WORDS, WORDS AND GROUPS OF WORDS
TO MAKE MEANING.
NINE
PARTS OF THE SPEECH OR WORD CLASS: THEY
DESCRIBE HOW WORDS BEHAVE IN A SENTENCE, HOW
THEY OPERATE AND COMBINE GRAMMATICALLY WITH
OTHER WORDS.
THE 9 PARTS OF THE SPEECH
NOUNS
PRONOUNS
VERBS
ADJECTIVES
ADVERBS
DETERMINERS/ARTICLES
PREPOSITIONS
CONJUCTIONS/CONNECTORS
INTERJECTIONS/EXCLAMATIONS
NOUNS
THEIR FUNCTION IS TO NAME PEOPLE, PLACES,
THINGS, QUALITIES, IDEAS, OR ACTIVITIES TO ACT AS
THE SUBJECT/OBJECT OF THE VERB.
SUBCATEGORIES: COUNTABLE, UNCOUNTABLE,
PROPER, COMMON, ABSTRACT AND COLLECTIVE.
COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE
COUNTABLE: IT HAS BOTH SINGULAR AND PLURAL FORM,
E.G. BOOK-BOOKS, CITY-CITIES.
UNCOUNTABLE: DOES NOT HAVE A PLURAL FORM, E.G.
INFORMATION, ADVICE.
PLURAL: MORE THAN ONE PERSON, PLACE OR THING AND
CAN BE REGULAR OR IRRUGULAR, E.G. BOYS, WOMEN.
PROPER AND COMMON
PROPER: THE NAME OF A PERSON OR PLACE, E.G.
ROBERT, LONDON.
COMMON: THIS IS THE NAME OF A PARTICULAR PERSON,
PLACE OR THING, E.G. TABLE. BOOK, CHAIR.
ABSTRACT AND COLLECTIVE
ABSTRACT: IT REFERS TO INTANGIBLE THINGS LIKE
FEELINGS, IDEALS, CONCEPTS AND QUALITIES, E.G.
LOVE, FRIENDSHIP, FEAR, LIFE.
COLLECTIVE: THIS IS A NOUN FOR A GROUP OF PEOPLE
OR THINGS, E.G. THE POLICE, THE GOVERNMENT, STAFF,
TEAM.
PRONOUNS
AWORD THAT WE USE INSTEAD OF A NOUN, TO REPLACE OR
REFER TO A NOUN OR NOUN PHRASE MENTIONED EARLIER OR
ABOUT TO BE MENTIONED.
SUBCATEGORIES:
PERSONAL, POSSESSIVE, RELATIVE, REFLEXIVE,
OBJECT, DEMONSTRATIVE.
DEMONSTRATIVE AND RELATIVE
DEMONSTRATIVE: THIS IS USED INSTEAD OF A NOUN TO
SHOW SOMETHING OR TO POINT SOMETHING: THIS,
THAT, THESE AND THOSE ARE DEMONSTRATIVE
PRONOUNS.
RELATIVE: INTRODUCES A RELATIVE CLAUSE: WHO,
WHICH, THAT , WHOSE , WHOM ARE RELATIVE
PRONOUNS, E.G. THE BOOK WHICH I AM READING IS
INTERESTING.
VERBS
A WORD USED TO SHOW AN ACTION, STATE, EVENT OR PROCESS.
SUBCATEGORIES:
AUXILIARY, BASE FORM, INFINITIVE FORM,
IRREGULAR, MODAL, MULTI WORD, PHRASAL, REGULAR,
REPORTING.
AUXILIAR, INFINITIVE AND BASE FORM.
AUXILIARY: IT IS A VERB USED WITH OTHER VERBS, TO MAKE
QUESTIONS, NEGATIVE TENSES, ETC. E.G. BE, DO, HAVE.
INFINITIVE FORM: THIS IS THE BASE FORM OF A VERB WITH
“TO”. IT IS USED AFTER ANOTHER VERB, AFTER AN ADJECTIVE
OR NOUN, OR AS THE SUBJECT OR OBJECT OF A SENTENCE.
BASE FORM: IT IS THE INFINITIVE FORM OF A VERB WITHOUT
“TO”.
REGULAR AND IRREGULAR
REGULAR: THEY CHANGE THEIR FORM BY ADDING “ED” IN THE
PAST SIMPLE AND PAST PARTICIPLE. E.G. WALK-WAKED.
IRREGULAR: THEY DO NOT FOLLOW THE SAME PATTERN AS
REGULAR VERBS. EACH IRREGULAR VERBS HAS ITS OWN WAY OR
FORMING THE PAST SIMPLE AND PAST PARTICIPLE.
E.G. GO-WENT-GONE.
MODAL AND REPORTING.
MODAL VERBS: IT IS A VERB USED WITH OTHER VERBS TO SHOW
IDEAS SUCH AS ABILITY OR OBLIGATION OR POSSIBILITY. E.G.
CAN, MUST, NEED, WILL, SHOULD.
REPORTING VERBS: VERBS SUCH AS TELL, ADVISE, SUGGEST,
USED IN REPORTED SPEECH TO REPORT WHAT SOMEONE HAS
SAID. E.G. JANE ADVISED JOHN TO STUDY HARDER.
MULTIWORD VERB/ PHRASAL VERB, AND
TRANSITIVE VERBS
MULTIWORD/ PHRASAL VERB: THIS IS MADE UP OF A VERB AND
ONE PARTICLES (ADVERBS AND OR PREPOSITIONS). THE
MEANING OF A MULTIWORD VERB MAY HAVE MORE THAN ONE
MEANING, E.G. GET YOUR COAT ON AND THEN WE CAN LEAVE
(GET ON= WEAR). HOW ARE YOU GETTING ON WITH THAT JOB?
(GET ON= PROGRESSING).
TRANSITIVE:
A VERB WHICH TAKES A DIRECT OBJECT, E.G. SHE
WROTE A LETTER.
STATIVE VERBS
STATIVE: VERBS THAT ARE NOT USUALLY USED IN THE CONTINUOUS FORM, EVEN WHEN WE ARE TALKING ABOUT
TEMPORARY SITUATIONS OR STATES.
ADJECTIVES
THEY
DESCRIBE OR GIVE MORE INFORMATION ABOUT A NOUN OR
PRONOUN.
SUBCATEGORIES: COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES, DEMONSTRATIVE
ADJECTIVES, ING/ED ADJECTIVES, POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE,
SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVE.
ADVERB
ANADVERB DESCRIBES OR GIVES MORE INFORMATION
ABOUT HOW, WHEN,WHERE, HOW MUCH, HOW OFTEN
OR HOW WELL, SOMETHING IS DONE.
DETERMINERS
ADETERMINER IS USED TO MAKE CLEAR WHICH NOUN
YOU ARE TALKING ABOUT, OR TO GIVE INFORMATION
ABOUT QUANTITY.
PREPOSITIONS
AWORD USED BEFORE A NOUN, PRONOUN OR GERUND TO
CONNECT IT TO ANOTHER WORD.
CONJUCTIONS/CONNECTORS
A WORD USED TO CONNECT WORDS, PHRASES, CLAUSES OR
SENTENCES.
INTERJECTIONS/EXCLAMATIONS.
A WORD OR PHRASE USED TO EXPRESS STRONG EMOTIONS,
SUCH AS SURPRISE, PLEASURE OR ANGER.
