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Open System Interconnection Model (OSI Model)

The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a conceptual framework developed by ISO in 1984 to standardize network communication. It defines the communication process as seven layers that divide tasks involved in moving information between networked computers into smaller groups. The seven layers are application, presentation, session, transport, network, data link, and physical. Each layer has a defined role, such as the transport layer controlling reliability through error control and segmentation.

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72 views11 pages

Open System Interconnection Model (OSI Model)

The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a conceptual framework developed by ISO in 1984 to standardize network communication. It defines the communication process as seven layers that divide tasks involved in moving information between networked computers into smaller groups. The seven layers are application, presentation, session, transport, network, data link, and physical. Each layer has a defined role, such as the transport layer controlling reliability through error control and segmentation.

Uploaded by

Vicky Gupta
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Open system interconnection

Model (OSI Model)


Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is
a reference model developed by ISO
(International Organization for
Standardization) in 1984, as a conceptual
framework of standards for communication in
the network.

The network communication protocols used


today have a structure based on the OSI
model.
The OSI model defines the communications process
into 7 layers, which divides the tasks involved with
moving information between networked computers
into seven smaller, more manageable task groups.

A task or group of tasks is then assigned to each of


the seven OSI layers.

On the other hand, the seven layers of the OSI model


can be divided into two groups: upper layers (layers
7, 6 & 5) and lower layers (layers 4, 3, 2, 1).
The Seven Layers of the OSI
Model
Layer Name
7 Application
6 Presentation
5 Session
4 Transport
3 Network
2 Data Link
1 Physical
The easiest way to remember the layers of the OSI model is to use the
mnemonic "All People Seem To Need Data Processing":
The functions of the seven
layers of the OSI model are:
The Application Layer of the OSI model
is responsible for providing end-user
services, such as file transfers, electronic
messaging, e-mail, virtual terminal access,
and network management. This is the
layer with which the user interacts.
The Presentation Layer of the OSI
model is responsible for defining the
syntax which two network hosts use to
communicate.

Encryption and compression are


Presentation Layer functions. It is
sometimes called the syntax layer.
The Session Layer controls the connections between
computers.

It establishes, manages and terminates the connections


between the local and remote application.

It provides for full-duplex, half-duplex, or simplex


operation.

The Session Layer of the OSI model is responsible for


establishing process-to-process communications
between networked hosts.
The Transport Layer of the OSI model is responsible for
delivering messages between networked hosts.

The Transport Layer should be responsible for


fragmentation and reassembly. The Transport Layer
controls the reliability of a given link through flow
control, segmentation/desegmentation, and error
control.

The Transport Layer can keep track of the segments and


retransmit those that fail.
The Network Layer of the OSI model is
responsible Routing packets according to
unique network device addresses.

Provides flow and congestion control over


the network.

Routers operate at the Network Layer.


The Data Link Layer of the OSI model
is responsible for communications
between adjacent network nodes.

Hubs and switches operate at the Data


Link Layer.
The Physical Layer of the OSI model
is responsible for bit-level transmission
between network nodes.

The Physical Layer defines items such


as: connector types, cable types,
voltages, and pin-outs.

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