The document discusses artificial eyes or visual prosthetics. It provides an introduction to artificial eyes and their history. An artificial eye uses a camera to capture images and a microchip to process the images. Electrodes in a retinal implant then stimulate the retina to send signals to the brain via the optic nerve, allowing the person to see. The technology is still developing but has potential to restore sight for millions of blind people. Future improvements may make the devices more affordable and upgradeable.
The document discusses artificial eyes or visual prosthetics. It provides an introduction to artificial eyes and their history. An artificial eye uses a camera to capture images and a microchip to process the images. Electrodes in a retinal implant then stimulate the retina to send signals to the brain via the optic nerve, allowing the person to see. The technology is still developing but has potential to restore sight for millions of blind people. Future improvements may make the devices more affordable and upgradeable.
The document discusses artificial eyes or visual prosthetics. It provides an introduction to artificial eyes and their history. An artificial eye uses a camera to capture images and a microchip to process the images. Electrodes in a retinal implant then stimulate the retina to send signals to the brain via the optic nerve, allowing the person to see. The technology is still developing but has potential to restore sight for millions of blind people. Future improvements may make the devices more affordable and upgradeable.
The document discusses artificial eyes or visual prosthetics. It provides an introduction to artificial eyes and their history. An artificial eye uses a camera to capture images and a microchip to process the images. Electrodes in a retinal implant then stimulate the retina to send signals to the brain via the optic nerve, allowing the person to see. The technology is still developing but has potential to restore sight for millions of blind people. Future improvements may make the devices more affordable and upgradeable.
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ARTIFICIAL EYE
( V ISUAL PROSTHETIC OR BIONIC EYE)
M A D E BY: S.RASITHA. C . PAV I T H R A . Content: Introduction What is artificial eye? History of artificial eyes Working of eyes Visual system & Block diagram Manufacturing device & working Possible condition leading to an Artificial eye Normal & Artificial visions Advantages & Disadvantages Future scope & Conclusion Introduction In the current scenario, where over millions of people are affected by visual anomalities , it was with a challenge that this project come in to being.
It aims at restoring vision to the blind.
Artificial Eye, which works through retinal implants ,could restore sight to the millions of people around the world who suffer from degenerative eye diseases. This technology is still in its infancy, but has progressed to human trials.
This report aims to present a brief overview about the basic aspects of this technology and where its headed. ARTIFICAL EYE?
An artificial eye is a prosthesis which is used to replace a missing or damaged eye .
In order to accomplish the goal of creating a visual prosthesis , scientists had to develop a camera which could interact with the brain by stimulating the optic nerve. The history of Artificial Eyes Prior to world war 2,ocular prosthetics were made of specialized blown glass that collapsed to from a concave shape.
During and after world war 2 this glass became increasing difficult to obtain. soon, acrylic and other plastic polymers were being used for many of the uses previously exclusive to glass.
An exciting use of this new material was for artificial eyes ,or ocular prosthetics . Acrylic revolutionized the art and process of making ocular prosthetics. Working of Eyes
The light coming from an
object enters the eye through cornea and pupil.
The eyes lens converges
these light rays to from a real, inverted and diminished image on the retina.
The light sensitive cells of
the retina get activated with the incidence of light and generate electric signals. Visual system It features two mobile acquisition units each has formidable preprocessing circuitry placed at a remote location from the central processing system(brain).
Its primary task include transmitting images with a viewing angle of at least 140deg and resolution of 1arc min over a limited capacity carrier ,the million or so fibers in each optic nerve through these fibers the signals are passed to the so called higher visual cortex of the brain. WORKING - DIAGRAM
LIGHT VIDEO MICRO RETINAL
RECIEVER CAMERA CHIP IMPLANT
BRAIN NEURONS Manufacturing device An artificial eye consists of Digital camera Microchip Radio Transmitter Radio receiver Retinal implant WORKING 1. Camera on glasses views image. .
2. Signals are sent to video processing
Microchip. 3. Processed information is sent back to Receiver. 4. Receiver sends information to electrodes in Retinal implant. 5. Electrodes stimulate retina to send Information to brain. Possible conditions leading to an Artificial Eye ENUCLEATION - Removal of entire eye globe. An implant is placed in the tenons capsule to replace volume lost due to eye removal. The four extra-ocular rectus muscles are attached to the implant for motility.
BLIND, PAINFUL EYE – Condition in which eye has no light perception (NLP) and is causing pain. Enucleation is indicated to alleviate pain and avoid risk of sympathetic ophthalmia.
TUMORS - Many type of cancers can affect the different structures of the eye. If treatment is unsuccessful in removing the tumor , enucleation is typically indicated. NORMAL&ARTIFICAL VISION NORMAL VISION ARTIFICIAL VISION Begins when light enters and strike The camera captures images and on photoreceptor cells. These cells sends to retina implant .It stimulates convert light to electric impulses that neurons .The stimulated neurons send are sent to brain via optic nerves. information to brain via optic nerves. ADVANTANGES Ability to perform visual tasks demonstrated in many patients.
Upgradable external hardware and software to benefit from future
innovations.
The brain has an amazing ability to adapt to new input and to
improve his or her understanding of what is being “seen” via an artificial vision system. DISADVANTAGES The cost of device is too high($1500) Its is difficult to acquire this technology by common man. Repairing is difficult if any of the devices got damaged. CONCLUSION&FUTURE SCOPE 1) The application of the research work done is directed towards the people who are visually in impaired.
2) People suffering from low vision to, people who are completely blind will benefit from this project.
3) The findings regarding biocompatibility of implement material will aid
in other similar attempts for in human machine interface. THANK YOU .
