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    1 - Biomechanics - Gait Analysis

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    andirahmawan99
    This document discusses gait analysis, which is the quantitative study of human locomotion. Gait analysis is used by scientists to better understand typical and atypical movement patterns, by physicians to assist with treatment decisions, and in sports biomechanics. It describes the gait cycle and phases, determinants of gait like pelvic rotation and knee flexion, abnormal gait patterns, sensors used in analysis, and methods of analysis including visual analysis, electrogoniometers, and electromyography. Common clinical pathologies that involve gait analysis in treatment are also listed.

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    1 - Biomechanics - Gait Analysis

    Uploaded by

    andirahmawan99
    194 views48 pages
    This document discusses gait analysis, which is the quantitative study of human locomotion. Gait analysis is used by scientists to better understand typical and atypical movement patterns, by physicians to assist with treatment decisions, and in sports biomechanics. It describes the gait cycle and phases, determinants of gait like pelvic rotation and knee flexion, abnormal gait patterns, sensors used in analysis, and methods of analysis including visual analysis, electrogoniometers, and electromyography. Common clinical pathologies that involve gait analysis in treatment are also listed.

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    Gait Analysis

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    This document discusses gait analysis, which is the quantitative study of human locomotion. Gait analysis is used by scientists to better understand typical and atypical movement patterns, by physicians to assist with treatment decisions, and in sports biomechanics. It describes the gait cycle and phases, determinants of gait like pelvic rotation and knee flexion, abnormal gait patterns, sensors used in analysis, and methods of analysis including visual analysis, electrogoniometers, and electromyography. Common clinical pathologies that involve gait analysis in treatment are also listed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    194 views48 pages

    1 - Biomechanics - Gait Analysis

    Uploaded by

    andirahmawan99
    This document discusses gait analysis, which is the quantitative study of human locomotion. Gait analysis is used by scientists to better understand typical and atypical movement patterns, by physicians to assist with treatment decisions, and in sports biomechanics. It describes the gait cycle and phases, determinants of gait like pelvic rotation and knee flexion, abnormal gait patterns, sensors used in analysis, and methods of analysis including visual analysis, electrogoniometers, and electromyography. Common clinical pathologies that involve gait analysis in treatment are also listed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 48
    At a glance
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    Gait analysis is the quantitative study of human locomotion. It involves understanding how muscles, bones, and joints work together during walking and other movements.

    Tasks in gait analysis include observing pelvic rotation, pelvic obliquity, knee flexion in stance phase, ankle mechanism, foot mechanism, and lateral body displacement.

    Gait analysis is studied by scientists to better understand typical movement patterns, by physicians to assist in treatment decisions like surgery or orthotics, and in sport biomechanics to improve performance and understand injury mechanisms.

    BIOMECHANICS:

    GAIT ANALYSIS
    TAKEN FROM
    SHIMAA ESSA, PHYSICAL THERAPIST AT NASR CITY HEALTH INSURANCE HOSPITAL

    ZAHRINA MARDINA S.T, M.SC., INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY LIAISON INDONESIA

    ALFIAN PRAMUDITA PUTRA, S.T., M.SC


    BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
    FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
    UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA
    GAIT ANALYSIS

    • The quantitative study of human locomotion


    TASKS IN GAIT ANALYSIS
    WHY IS GAIT ANALYSIS STUDIED?
    • Scientists seek a better understanding of how typically developing ambulators
    use muscle contractions about articulating joints to accomplish functional tasks,
    such as level walking and stair climbing.
    • Physicians seek a better understanding of a typical movement patterns to
    assist in treatment decision making such as surgery or orthotic prescription.
    • In sport biomechanics, athletes and coach study gait analysis to improve
    performance and injury mechanism
    EXAMPLE OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGIES INCLUDES
    GAIT CYCLE IN THE TREATMENT

    • Amputation • Muscular dystrophy


    • Cerebral palsy • Myelodysplasia
    • Degenerative joint disease • Rheumatoid arthritis
    • Joint pain • Spinal cord injury
    • Joint replacement • Stroke
    • Poliomyelitis • Traumatic brain injury
    • Multiple sclerosis
    TYPE OF MOVEMENT
    TYPES OF MOVEMENTS (CONT’D)
    THESE FORCES PRODUCED VIA:
    COMPRESSION OF TWO ARTICULAR SURFACES
    JOINT CONTACT FORCES
    GAIT
    ➢Utilizes minimal energy to move. Walking is a
    highly-coordinated process involving
    • Central Nervous System
    • Brain
    • Spinal cord
    • Peripheral nerves
    • Musculoskeletal System
    • Muscles
    • Bones & Joints
    GAIT CYCLE
    PHASES OF GAIT CYCLE
    DETERMINATION OF GAIT
    • What do we observe?
    • Pelvic Rotation
    • Pelvic Obliquity
    • Knee flexion in stance phase
    • Ankle mechanism
    • Foot mechanism
    • Lateral displacement of body
    DETERMINATION OF GAIT
    • Pelvic Rotation and Pelvic Obliquity
    DETERMINANTS OF GAIT
    Knee Flexion in
    Stance Phase
    ABNORMAL GAIT PATTERNS

    • Anterior trunk bending


    • Posterior trunk bending
    • Lateral trunk bending
    • Increased lumbar lordosis
    • Circumduction
    • Steppage
    ABNORMAL GAIT PATTERNS
    Anterior trunk bending
    ABNORMAL GAIT PATTERNS
    Posterior trunk bending
    ABNORMAL GAIT PATTERNS
    Increased lumbar lordosis
    INCREASED LUMBAR LORDOSIS

    Circumduction
    ABNORMAL GAIT PATTERNS

    Steppage
    SENSORS USED IN GAIT ANALYSIS
    • Accelerometer : measure acceleration along its sensitive axis
    • Gyroscope : angular velocity sensor
    • Magnetoresistive sensor : estimate changes in the orientation of a body
    • Flexible goniometer : measure the relative rotation between two human body
    segments
    • Electromagnetic Tracking System
    • Sensing Fabric
    • Force Sensor
    • Sensor for electromyography
    METHODS OF GAIT ANALYSIS
    • Few methods used
    • Visual gait analysis
    • Timing the gait cycle
    • Direct motion measurement system
    • Electrogoniometers
    • Electromyography
    • Combined kinetic/kinematic system
    VISUAL GAIT CYCLE
    ➢Depends on the skill of observer
    ➢Subject should be observed from different sides to
    observe gait abnormalities
    ➢Minimum length to be walked = ~10-12 m
    ➢Compare range of motion at joints during
    walking with those observed on examination plinth
    ➢Cameras may be used
    ELECTROGONIOMETERS
    ➢Makes continuous measurements of the angle of a joint
    ➢Potentiometer devices
    • Variable resistor
    • Turning of central spindle
    • Change in electrical resistance
    • Measures joint angle
    • Body is connected to one limb
    • Spindle is connected to the connecting limb
    TRIAXIAL GONIOMETERS ON HIP, KNEE AND ANKLE
    ELECTROMYOGRAPHY
    ➢Measures electrical activity of contracting muscle
    ➢Main methods
    • Surface electrodes
    • Fine-wire electrodes
    • Needle electrodes
    ➢Helps in timing muscle activation
    ➢But cannot measure strength of contraction
    ELECTROMYOGRAPHY
    COMBINED KINETIC / KINEMATIC SYSTEMS
    GAIT ABNORMALITIES
    • Equinas : Walking on the toe
    • Drop Foot :
    • Antalgic :
    • Trendelenburg : Hip Drop
    • Short Leg : Different length of two legs
    • Spina Bifida
    • Cerebral Palsy

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