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    Types of Data in Statistics

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    LITTY MATHEW
    Types of data can be categorized as either qualitative or quantitative. Qualitative data consists of descriptive attributes like names or categories that cannot be measured numerically, while quantitative data provides numerical information that can be measured. There are also different levels of measurement for data, including nominal (basic categories), ordinal (categories with a rank order), interval (categories with equal distances between ranks), and ratio (categories with a true zero point and ability to calculate ratios). The level of measurement impacts what statistical analyses can be performed on the data.

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    Types of Data in Statistics

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    LITTY MATHEW
    318 views13 pages
    Types of data can be categorized as either qualitative or quantitative. Qualitative data consists of descriptive attributes like names or categories that cannot be measured numerically, while quantitative data provides numerical information that can be measured. There are also different levels of measurement for data, including nominal (basic categories), ordinal (categories with a rank order), interval (categories with equal distances between ranks), and ratio (categories with a true zero point and ability to calculate ratios). The level of measurement impacts what statistical analyses can be performed on the data.

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    Types of data can be categorized as either qualitative or quantitative. Qualitative data consists of descriptive attributes like names or categories that cannot be measured numerically, while quantitative data provides numerical information that can be measured. There are also different levels of measurement for data, including nominal (basic categories), ordinal (categories with a rank order), interval (categories with equal distances between ranks), and ratio (categories with a true zero point and ability to calculate ratios). The level of measurement impacts what statistical analyses can be performed on the data.

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    318 views13 pages

    Types of Data in Statistics

    Uploaded by

    LITTY MATHEW
    Types of data can be categorized as either qualitative or quantitative. Qualitative data consists of descriptive attributes like names or categories that cannot be measured numerically, while quantitative data provides numerical information that can be measured. There are also different levels of measurement for data, including nominal (basic categories), ordinal (categories with a rank order), interval (categories with equal distances between ranks), and ratio (categories with a true zero point and ability to calculate ratios). The level of measurement impacts what statistical analyses can be performed on the data.

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    of 13

    Types of Data

    Litty Mathew
    Types of data

    (Nominal) (Ordinal)

    Interval Ratio
    Qualitative & Quantitative data
    Qualitative Variables Quantitative Variables
    • Descriptive • Numerical Information(Numbers)
    Information(Categories) • It can be measured.
    • Some characteristics are not • convey information regarding
    capable of being measured ,It can amount.
    be categorized only.
    • Consists of numerical
    • convey information regarding measurements/counts
    attribute.
    • Eg: Height, Width, Length
    • Consists of attributes, labels or non
    numerical entries
    • Eg: Colour, Names
    Qualitative & Quantitative data
    Levels of Measurement

    • Since we have
    different kind of data ,
    We need different kind
    of scales to measure
    them
    Nominal Scale
    • The lowest measurement scale
    • it consists of “naming”
    observations or classifying them
    into various mutually exclusive and
    collectively exhaustive categories.
    • They are categories without order
    or direction or distance
    • Hence nominal data is of restricted
    or limited use.
    • Eg: Name of hospital, Type of
    infection
    • Binary: If data takes only two
    mutually exclusive categories
    • Eg: male–female, well–sick
    Ordinal Scale
    • If categories can be ranked
    according to some criterion
    • Eg: Socio-Economic status,
    Education etc.
    • Adjacent ranks need not to be
    equal in their differences.
    • The degree of improvement
    between unimproved and
    improved is probably not the same
    as that between improved and
    much improved.
    • Has no absolute value
    • More precise comparisons are not
    possible
    Quantitative Data
    Discrete Data Continuous Data
    • Quantitative data with whole • It is possible for the data to take
    numbers values that are fractions or
    • Only finite no.of values possible decimals.
    • Can take only certain values by a • There can be infinite no.of
    finite jumps. possible values.
    • It is associated with physical
    measurement.
    Interval scale
    • Interval data in addition to ranking (setting up inequalities) further
    allow for forming differences
    • it possible to order measurements, but also the distance between any
    two measurements is known.
    • For interval data there is no absolute zero; unique origin does not
    exists
    • Interval data are more powerful than ordinal scale due to equality of
    intervals
    • Examples: Temperature in Fahrenheit
    “zero degrees, ”which does not indicate a lack of heat.
    Ratio Scale
    • The highest level of measurement
    • Ratio data allow for forming quotients in addition to setting up
    inequalities and forming differences
    • All mathematical operations (manipulations with real numbers) are
    possible on ratio data
    • It can have an absolute or true zero and represent the actual
    amount/ value
    • The most precise data and allow for application of all statistical
    techniques
    Examples: Height, weight, age
    Thank You

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