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Concept of Life

The document discusses several hypotheses for the origin of life on Earth, including that it began from nonliving matter through random processes that led to self-replicating molecules and eventually cells. It also describes the early evolution of life forms, with the oldest rocks and earliest life in the form of bacteria dating back approximately 3.8-4.5 billion years. The document separates bacteria into the two groups of eubacteria and archebacteria and notes their distinguishing characteristics.

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Jesh Rish
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512 views28 pages

Concept of Life

The document discusses several hypotheses for the origin of life on Earth, including that it began from nonliving matter through random processes that led to self-replicating molecules and eventually cells. It also describes the early evolution of life forms, with the oldest rocks and earliest life in the form of bacteria dating back approximately 3.8-4.5 billion years. The document separates bacteria into the two groups of eubacteria and archebacteria and notes their distinguishing characteristics.

Uploaded by

Jesh Rish
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Concepts of Life

Earth is much older than life.


The Concepts of Life

But since there were no witnesses to the origin of


life, however, there are possible explanation that
attempt different possibilities on how life could have
begun:
1. Extraterrestrial Origin – The hypothesis explains
that life originated on other planet outside our solar
system. Life was then carried to Earth on a meteorite
or an asteroid and colonized Earth.
The Concepts of Life

2. Panspermia – The theory presumes that the “seed”


of life exists all over the universe and can be
propagated through space, and that life on Earth
originated from those seed.
3. Divine creation – Many people believe that life was
put on Earth by divine forces. Creation theories are
common to many of the world’s religions and
cultures.
The Concepts of Life

4. Origin from nonliving matter – Scientists believe


that life arose on Earth from inanimate matter after
Earth had cooled. They stated that random events
probably produced stable molecules that could self-
replicate. Then, natural selection favored changes in
the rate of reproduction, which eventually led to the
first cell.
Early Life Forms

• The estimated age of Earth is about 4.5 billion


years.
• Oldest rock is about 3.8 billion years old.
• The early life form is bacteria.
Early Life Forms
Cell
Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell
Early Life forms
Biologist Separate the bacteria into two groups
according to the composition of their cell walls and
cell membranes, as well as in the structure of some
proteins.

1. Eubacteria (true bacteria) – Most living bacteria,


including those cause disease and decay.
2. Archaebacteria (ancient bacteria) – Found mainly
in hostile environments where condition resemble
those of early Earth.
Characteristics of Life and
Unifying themes in Life Science
Biology = the study of life

What does it mean to be alive???

• There are 8 characteristics of life . . .


– No single characteristic is enough to
describe a living thing . . .
– They must have all eight.
8 Characteristics of Life

1. Living things are made up cells.


2. Living things reproduce.
3. Living things are based on a
universal genetic code (DNA).
4. Living things grow and develop.
8 Characteristics of Life
(cont.)
5. Living things obtain and use
materials and energy.
6. Living things respond to their
environment.
7. Living things maintain a stable
internal environment. (homeostasis)
8. Taken as a group, living things
change over time.
1—Made up of cells
They can be either unicellular or multicellular.
***Unicellular = made up of ONE cell
Picture of a unicellular organism.
Picture of a Cell

***Multi-cellular = made up of MORE than one cell


Picture of multicellular organisms
2—Reproduction
There are 2 types of reproduction:
1. Asexual 2. Sexual

***asexual = reproduction ***sexual = reproduction


that requires ONE parent that requires TWO parents
3—Based on a genetic code

***DNA = DNA is the genetic code found in


every cell. DNA is inherited from parents
and controls your traits.
4—Grow and Develop

**All living things grow ***Think about it . . . Do


and develop during at you look the same as
least part of their life. when you were
born????
5—Need for materials and energy
**Living things need a constant supply of materials
and energy.
**Metabolism = the process of using those
materials.
6—Response to the environment
**Organisms detect and respond to STIMULI
(or signals) from their environment.

**Internal stimuli =
signal comes from **External stimuli =
inside the organism signal comes from
outside the organism
7—Maintaining internal balance
Despite changing
conditions around
them, organism must
keep their internal
conditions
stable/balanced.

**Homeostasis =
the process of keeping the internal
environment stable/balance/constant
8—Change over time

Over hundreds, thousands, and millions of years,


organisms have the potential to change =
evolution
Unifying Concept of Life

• Levels of Organization
• The Flow of Energy
• Evolution
• Interacting System
• Structure and Function
• Ecology
• Science and Society
Levels of Organization

• There is a hierarchy of increasing complexity within


cells, from the molecular level of DNA, to the
organelle level, to the cellular level.
Levels of Organization
Multicellular
Atom Cell
Organism

Simple
Organic Tissue Population
Molecule

Complex
Biological Organ Community
Molecule

Organelles Organ System Ecosystem Biosphere


Evolution
• The theory of evolution helps explain how all kinds
of organism came into existence. It explains why
organisms look like the way they do and how
organisms of the past are related to the organisms
alive today.
Interacting System

• Living things interact with each other and with the


environment. A living community is highly
structured and interdependent. This interdependence
is the result of a long process of evolution in which
selection has favored cooperation.
Structure and Function
• A relationship exists between structure and function
at all levels of biological organization. In biology,
structure is always related to function. Structural
levels are built on the levels that precede it. Within
the many kinds of organisms in the living world,
body structures seem to be carefully designed to
carry out their functions.
Answer Key
1. Cell
2. Extraterristrial
3. panspermia
4. divine creation
5. origin from nonliving matter
6. Stanley miller
7. harold urey
8. deoxyribonucleic acid
9. 10 - archeabactreria , eubacteria
11. 4.5 or 4.6 billion years old

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